North and South Korea exchanged shelling: what's going on - ForumDaily
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North and South Korea exchanged shelling: what is happening

On October 24, North and South Korea exchanged warning fire off the west coast, accusing each other of violating their maritime borders amid heightened military tensions. Reuters.

Photo: IStock

The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS, South Korea) said it broadcast warnings and fired warning shots to escort a North Korean merchant ship that crossed the Northern Limit Line (NLL), the de facto maritime border between the countries, around 3:40 am.

The DPRK military said it fired 10 rocket artillery rounds after a South Korean naval ship violated the maritime border and fired warning shots "under the pretext of tracking down an unidentified ship," state media reported.

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"We have ordered initial countermeasures to decisively drive out the enemy warship," said a spokesman for the North Korean People's Army General Staff, according to the official news agency. KCNA.

The JCS called the North's actions a violation of the 2018 bilateral military pact prohibiting "hostile action" in border areas and urged it to stop "consistent provocations and accusations."

Since the 1990s, Pyongyang has disputed the NLL drawn up at the end of the 1950–1953 Korean War, arguing that it should lie far to the south.

A spokesman for the South Korean military said they carried out a "normal operation" regarding the border invasion and dismissed the North's claims regarding the NLL.

The latest firefight comes amid simmering tensions as North Korea has been testing weapons at an unprecedented pace this year.

North Korea has launched several short-range ballistic missiles and hundreds of artillery shells off its east and west coasts in recent weeks to protest South Korea's military actions.

Last week, South Korean forces began their annual Hoguk defensive exercise, which is due to run until October 28 and bolster their own and jointly with the United States capabilities to counter North Korea's nuclear and missile threats.

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As part of the program, the South Korean navy said on October 24 that it would hold a four-day exercise off the west coast that would involve about 20 warships, including an Aegis-equipped destroyer, and US assets such as Apache and A- ten.

Pyongyang reacted angrily to the exercises, calling them provocations and threatening countermeasures. Seoul and Washington say their exercises are defensive in nature and aimed at containing North Korea.

Separation history

Korea is the geographic name of a region that is located on the Korean Peninsula and adjacent islands. Since the XNUMXth century, Korea has developed as a single state. But a series of events in the middle of the XNUMXth century led to the fact that the country was divided into two territories - the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea). Today, the two Korean states live in different political, economic and cultural conditions, considering each other as occupiers of their ancestral territory. Postnauka.

The Republic of Korea is a democratic state with a multi-party system, developing on the principles of a market economy. Currently, conservatives (the Senuridan party) are in power, whose political ideology in general terms has an anti-communist, anti-North Korean orientation. This ideology as such was formed by right-wing Korean nationalists in the process of creating an independent South Korean statehood. Initially, the radical right South Korean nationalists did not recognize North Korea as a state, but communism as an ideology that has the right to exist. According to the "National Security Law" of 1948, any form of North Korean and communist propaganda is prohibited in South Korea. This anti-communist rhetoric forms the basis of the state ideology of the Republic of Korea, and to one degree or another it determines its development so far.

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is developing along the socialist path, based on the principles of the national ideology of Juche. The political regime of the DPRK is stable. Formally, there are several parties in the country, but in fact the Workers' Party of Korea rules, the leading role of which is enshrined in the current Constitution of the DPRK. There is no real political opposition, power is passed from father to son.

At the moment, Korea is two states with different cultures and destinies. They are united by one nation, which initially had no cultural prerequisites for separation, but today it represents two different nations. The people of Korea are divided between two states with different systems and national ideologies, despite the fact that they have a common historical past and belong to the same ethnic community.

In 1945, after Japan's defeat in World War II, Koreans expected a national independence to be declared. But the problem was that the Koreans did not participate in the liberation of their country. All land operations in Korea were carried out by the Soviet army (25th Army of the 1st Far Eastern Front), while American troops conducted operations at sea. The Koreans freed themselves from colonial dependence, but they did not have real power. As a former colony of the Japanese Empire that lost the war, Korea could not determine its own fate. The USSR and the USA, together with the Korean political parties, were to determine the political future of the country.

In August 1945, it was decided to delimit the spheres of military responsibility on the Korean Peninsula along the 38th parallel. This line was not chosen by chance. The thirty-eighth parallel was the dividing line between the parts of the Japanese army: the troops located north of the 38th parallel were subordinate to the command of the Kwantung Army, and to the south - the 17th Army. The Americans were interested in the fact that the capital of Korea, Seoul, was included in their zone of responsibility. Therefore, the US State Department insisted that the entire territory south of the 38th parallel, including the capital, become part of the American zone of military responsibility. Stalin did not make any amendments to the proposal of the American side on the demarcation along the 38th parallel, and there were no discussions on this topic.

In August 1946, the Workers' Party of North Korea was created as a result of the merger of several parties. It became the main political force in the north of Korea even at the stage of the formation of the North Korean statehood. The right-wing movement was very quickly neutralized in the north, while in the south of Korea, a serious political struggle between the right and left continued until the elections to the National Assembly. In November 1947, the UN General Assembly passed a resolution calling for elections to the National Assembly of Korea. It was supposed to be a unified election, but the Soviet Union boycotted this decision. The UN set up a commission on Korea to help Koreans organize elections. The Soviet Union did not allow this commission to go north. As a result, in February 1948, at the UN Small Assembly, it was decided that the elections would be held in areas accessible to them. As a result, elections to the National Assembly were held only in southern Korea.

The Soviet Union intervened in the conflict for the unification of Korea on the side of the DPRK, although it did not openly support it. But the Chinese army (Chinese people's volunteers) was involved directly. The South took advantage of US military assistance, which actually lobbied for the sending of UN peacekeeping forces to South Korea. If the Americans and UN troops had not helped the southerners in time, South Korea would not exist today. Only the Americans saved the regime from collapse and kept the south of the Korean Peninsula under their control.

After the Korean War 1950-1953 The division of the Korean Peninsula into two states, the DPRK and the Republic of Korea, was fully consolidated. Moreover, the war increased the dependence of the Republic of Korea on the United States. South Korea's right-wing political elite began to feel indebted to the Americans because they had saved it from collapse. The South Korean army is still partially controlled by the American General Staff: in wartime, the Americans control the movement of troops of the South Korean army on the territory of the Republic of Korea. And even the issue of transferring control of their army in wartime to the Korean General Staff is not approved by right-wing politicians in Korea, because they feel insecure or incapable of governing.

Today, the 38th parallel, along which Korea is divided, is a demarcation line, on both sides of which lies a 4 km wide demilitarized zone. Crossing such a border is almost impossible. There are no diplomatic relations between North and South Korea today. The countries do not recognize each other. Each country views the other as an occupier of its territory. When North Korea launched another satellite into orbit, South Korea, represented by President Park Geun-hye, decided to close the Kaesong industrial complex, which is located on the border of North and South Korea. Both South Korean companies and North Korean workers were involved in this complex - they had a joint business.

The situation was aggravated by the nuclear program of the DPRK. Two states on the same peninsula are actually in a state of cold war with each other. There is a problem of separated families. As soon as an improvement in relations is planned, these families meet. The two countries do not implement joint projects, southerners are not allowed official access to the north, and northerners to the south, there is no cultural, academic exchange, and economic ties are not developing.

The youth of South Korea has been brought up in an atmosphere of anti-communist, anti-North Korean hysteria. For residents of the south, North Korea is an occupier that launches ballistic missiles, develops a nuclear bomb, and arranges provocations on the border. The generation of the 1980s and 1990s grew up with the idea that the DPRK is another state that is really dangerous and alien to them. At the same time, the idea of ​​unification remains one of the main national ideas of both South Korea and North Korea.

 

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