The world's largest active volcano erupts in Hawaii: lava can flood nearby settlements - ForumDaily
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The world's largest active volcano erupts in Hawaii: lava can flood nearby communities

After 38 years of silence, on November 27 at around 23:30 p.m., the world's largest active volcano, Mauna Loa, began erupting in Mokuaveoweo. HawaiiNews.

Photo: IStock

U.S. Geological Survey webcams at the summit clearly showed a long fissure, spewing lava fountains, that flowed along the bottom of the caldera or as a result of its catastrophic eruption).

Experts say the eruption appears to have occurred mainly in the summit caldera.

The Hawaii Emergency Management Agency says the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory has received several reports of lava flowing into the southwestern Mauna Loa caldera, but there is no indication at this time that it threatens populated areas.

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No evacuation requests were made, but the District of Hawaii opened shelters in Kau at the Robert Herkes Gymnasium in Pahala and the Old Airport Gymnasium (Kailua Park) in Kailua-Kona following reports that residents had self-evacuated from the coast of South Kona.

As of 5:30 AM on November 28, all HIDOE campuses on the island of Hawaii will remain open as the department continues to monitor the potential impact of the Mauna Loa eruption.

“We were unable to conduct any flights over the area as it is dark and helicopters cannot fly. But we have been provided with some photographs from Kona which suggest that the southern end of the caldera has overflowed. Several lava flows poured several kilometers out of the caldera,” said Ken Khon, chief scientist at the Hawaiian Volcanic Observatory.

“This tended to happen in past eruptions. There have been several eruptions where lava overflowed the caldera, but it never came close to populated areas,” he said.

Residents at risk from Mauna Loa lava flows are encouraged to review preparedness plans and contact Hawaii County Civil Defense for further guidance.

Scientists said the wind could carry volcanic gas and possibly fine ash and Pele's hair downwind (Pele's hair is strands of volcanic glass or fibers formed when small particles of molten material are thrown into the air and pulled into long hair-like threads by the wind. Diameter strands are less than 0,5 millimeters and can reach 2 meters.Pele's hair is primarily a scientific term used by volcanologists and comes from Pele, the Hawaiian goddess of volcanoes).

Officials are urging people with sensitive airways to take extra precautions to minimize exposure to ash. Falling volcanic ash and debris can also cause motors or electronics to fail.

"Based on past events, the early stages of a Mauna Loa eruption can be very dynamic, and the location and progression of lava flows can change rapidly," the US Geological Survey said in a press release.

“If eruption continues at Mokuaveoweo, lava flows will likely be confined to the caldera walls,” the report said. “However, if vents migrate beyond its walls, lava flows can quickly move down the slope.”

The 4m volcano has shown increased seismic activity over the past few weeks, leading many to believe that an eruption could occur.

Mauna Loa last erupted in 1984. This eruption also began in the Mokuaveoweo summit caldera, but eruptive fissures quickly migrated down the volcano's southwestern rift zone.

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Eventually, cracks opened in the northeast rift zone of the mountain, and lava flows seeped into the Hilo region. However, none of the streams reached the outskirts of Hilo by the time the eruption ended, about 20 days after it began.

The USGS said it is working closely with its emergency management partners and will conduct aerial photography as soon as possible to obtain more information about the eruption and possible hazards. However, these studies may be hampered by weather conditions, as a warning of poor visibility is in effect in the summit area until the morning of November 28.

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