Flying cars, smart dust, neuromorphic devices: which technologies will be developed by 2030 - ForumDaily
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Flying cars, smart dust, neuromorphic devices: what technologies will be developed by 2030

The expert in the field of artificial intelligence Adrien Buk offers his own selection of the most promising, strange, boring, useful and simply interesting technologies with which the society will get to know and be able to interact in the next ten to twelve years.

Фото: Depositphotos

Boring and Expected Technologies

Artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning. AI is often overestimated, but it is an important technology, writes Vc.ru. The problem is that the generic term “artificial intelligence” means many different concepts. For example, most often have in mind are machine learning. But this limited technology is not what science-fiction writers expect.

The golden mean - deep learning with reinforcement. It will help create software that is not only capable of counting and cross-referencing, but literally seeing and hearing the world, which will completely change the way we interact with it.

Blockchain - A global registry that is able to automatically record and verify a multitude of digital transactions, regardless of location. Its decentralized form means that technology has the potential to change most industries when commitments become rare: money automation is old news, but commitment automation is big business.

Commercial drones. The platforms by which drones fly across the sky and deliver products directly to the doors of homes or offices will greatly change the market.

By reducing the cost of the last mile, Amazon will become even more profitable.

And another thing: drones are not obliged to move only by air, they can reduce the cost of delivery, transporting goods by sea, or radically change the exploration of space.

Robotization and cobosation. Although there are quite interesting examples of the use of robots in everyday life, the greatest potential of this sphere is in production. And the appearance of the term “cobot” indicates how our ideas about the use of robotics have changed in reality: robots simply help solve problems, act as co-creators and no more.

With machines able to work side-by-side with people, doing room service or working in warehouses, organizations can help, replace or redeploy their employees to higher-value tasks. Remember: a washing machine is also a robot that automated washing and freed women from routine housework. This allowed many of them to go to school or work, and as a result, the economy changed.

Voice interaction. Since the time of the touchscreen, voice platforms are the first technology that has the potential to drastically change work with digital devices or advertising. Verbal interaction with a computer is not new in itself, but conversational interfaces should drastically change the world, however, for this you need to significantly improve the ability of computers to handle natural languages.

Chat bots. Are they still relevant?

Фото: Depositphotos

Conventional technology

Cloud AI, platform as a service, data as a service. Although machine learning is not a new technology, its introduction through platforms will change millions, maybe even billions of lives, just as cloud technologies have changed them.

Augmented, artificial, virtual reality. Some of these terms are used as equivalent, but in fact they denote completely different things: there was a lot of hyip around virtual reality, but very few specific applications were created, augmented reality shows good potential as an extension for digital platforms: each wall can become a screen .

In addition, imagine assembling IKEA furniture using diagrams and instructions that appear inside the glasses. Or it will be possible to find patterns in the real world with the help of AR and machine learning. Or find a specific person in the crowd in seconds. And the list goes on.

Unmanned vehicles. If you change the car, then city planning will also change. Everything is very simple.

However, modern unmanned vehicles are not able to drive safely without help. To achieve a higher level of automation, further improvement is needed in reading data, image processing and creating maps - as well as expanding the capabilities of AI and computer systems.

In this case, we need to focus on semi-autonomous machines that can be used to transport goods faster and more accurately. They could reduce the number of accidents and traffic jams, even slow down the urbanization process, because people will be able to use the trip time for more important cognitive processes, which means that they will not necessarily live in the center of cities.

In the meantime, I will still use the crowded subway.

"Smart House. These changes are already occurring and will soon be universally implemented in the West. I'm talking about light bulbs that can be controlled from a smartphone, refrigerators that can order milk or other products for you when they run out, and self-regulating thermostats.

The funny thing here is that now it sounds pretty boring, but if I had raised this topic five years ago, I would have been laughed at. The smart fabric is also in development, and there are plans for how to integrate this technology into the wider ecosystem of a smart home, but the hardware needs to be further developed.

5G. Although 5G technology still has to face many challenges, it’s most likely a platform on which many things from the future will be based. We are talking about a tenfold increase in the speed of the Internet, a tenfold increase in network coverage and a hundredfold increase in network utilization efficiency - all this is required to ensure the operation of everything described above and will be written below.

The ultra low latency of data transfer and the availability of multiple data guarantees competitive advantages for those who are willing to work with it. Most organization leaders need to know or ask questions about how local networks evolve. Long live 5G.

Quantum computers. Quantum computers will be capable of such calculations, which are simply unthinkable for modern machines, but we still do not understand what needs to be done to achieve such power.

One of the most likely and attractive opportunity: the exact image of molecules that will turn the production, chemistry and medicine of our time. And although quantum general-purpose computers are unlikely to be created, the technology itself has significant potential in narrow specific areas.

Expansion of human abilities. Fun! Excitement! Exoskeletons! Already there are countless ways to expand the capabilities of our bodies, from some of them you can only grimace, like implanting a chip under the skin, others are very simple, for example, to fasten a computerized bandage on your knee.

On the one hand, this technology has the potential to improve the human body and mind, on the other - ethical and legal issues arise, therefore the introduction of some of these tools is still under discussion.

Фото: Depositphotos

Very interesting technology

IoT, boundary computing, intellectual boundary. For the most part, data processing for devices connected to the Internet takes place in the cloud. Transferring data from the device to the central server and back may take several seconds, it is too long.

Therefore, if we make it possible for objects to process data independently (within the “boundaries” of the ecosystem), it will be possible to create autonomous vehicles. This technology is also capable of making an invaluable contribution to medicine, manufacturing and many other areas.

But as is the case with other developments described both above and below, you first need to tighten the hardware, only then can we implement all these ideas.

When there are more “smart” things, there will be a shift from isolated “smart” objects to groups of interacting “smart” objects. With this model, many devices will work together either independently or with human participation. The technology is used by the military, who are studying the use of drones to attack or defend military targets. But it would have developed stronger thanks to hundreds of potential civilian uses.

Microchips, biochips. Now the main idea of ​​the use of microchips is tracking of biometric data at work within the ecosystem of the “smart” workspace. And although so far nothing particularly interesting has been invented here, the technology already allows you to identify the employees and pay for lunch or coffee.

If all of a sudden everyone doesn’t agree to monitor pressure every day at work, this technology will remain completely harmless in the near future. On the surface of the chip is a group of molecular sensors that can analyze biological and chemical elements. So, these chips will be able to detect serious diseases at an early stage. And that brings us to the next point.

Nanobots. If you need even smaller devices than microchips, pay attention to nanorobots. They are under research and development and are tiny sensors.

The first useful application of these nanodevices will be nanomedicine. For example, these biological machines can be used to identify and destroy cancer cells or drug delivery. Another potential use is the detection of toxins and the determination of their concentration in the environment.

Analysis of genetic predisposition. No, as long as I do not mean "Gattaku." But we are close to this: scientists can already predict the likelihood of heart disease or breast cancer using the genome, even IQ (mine, for example, is between 75 and 135, according to unscientific tests on BuzzFeed). Therefore, such a DNA test can significantly improve people's health, even despite the danger of genetic discrimination.

For example, if a woman has a higher risk of developing breast cancer, she should be able to do mammography more often, and those women who have a lower risk can do it less often. So you can detect more real cases of cancer and weed out a small number of cases of false alarm. As a result, the quality of treatment will improve, and medical insurance premiums will decrease.

Perhaps this will affect the development of personalized medicine, although the organization of such a task in the current political climate is likely to become a financial and organizational disaster.

CRISPR. Even if the future of Gattaki does not come, a simple change of some genes to treat a particular person can easily spoil the apocalyptic future for which humanity is moving. The CRISPR-Cas genome editing method has many potential applications, including medicine and quality improvement of seed crops.

Not so much fun if humanity modifies the genome of viruses to create new diseases.

In any case, I look forward to the times when each person will look like something in between Tom Hiddleston and Idris Elba.

3D metal printing. 3D printing may be a thing of the past (though the ideas behind the technology have only recently become more realistic), but we have yet to see the full potential of this technology using new materials. Once it becomes possible to work with different metals, we will be able to create lighter, stronger and more complex objects, such as complex or custom mechanical parts (for example, for customized car engines). However, this process is difficult to master.

Devices worn in the ears. The future is behind the ears! And although voice platforms can be the next significant event, I would not disregard the ears. "Smart" headphones may well soon become everyday advisers on all issues, and maybe even will prompt (it happened that you could not remember the name of that guy?).

Think of this technology from a practical point of view: your ears are close to your mouth, capable of multitasking, work when you sleep, and look better with fashion accessories than your mouth or eyes. And I'm not talking about almost instant translation.

At this rate, Amazon will soon send us an advertisement for cough syrup after hearing a cough.

Carbon free natural gas. The ability to efficiently and cheaply retain the carbon released during the combustion of natural gas. That's all. No kidding and tricks. If you want a normal life for your great-great-grandchildren, concentrate on green technology.

Фото: Depositphotos

Unclear, but very interesting technologies

Smart Dust - These are tiny (0,15 x 0,15 mm) sensors that can collect a huge amount of information from vast areas without interfering with the ecosystem. For example, they are able to detect corrosion in wear pipes in factories before they begin to leak (or analyze the composition of drinking water), track soil changes in cities, or even inaccessible areas, regardless of their size.

One of the problems this technology is actively discussing is the environmental damage that sensors can cause, as well as unethical options for using them. In addition, there is the question of how effective the collected data can be compared to satellite imagery.

4D print. The term 4D printing itself can be confusing: I do not hint that humanity will be able to create and access one more dimension (only Rubik succeeded). Simply put, a 4D print product is an 3D print object that can change properties if it is affected by a certain stimulus (for example, diving, heating, shaking, mixing).

Applications are still under discussion, but with this technology many industries could become more self-sufficient, and some products would have more practical applications.

How cool would it be to have clothes and shoes that could change shape and function in response to changes in the environment?

Neuromorphic devices. And I call this real science fiction. Neuromorphic engineering takes a bit of biology, physics, mathematics, computer science, and electronic engineering. The purpose of this area of ​​research is to create devices that copy the response of neurons to the sensory impulse.

We do not know how this idea can be used, but its study should help theoretical studies of AI.

Digital twin. The digital twin technology includes developments in the field of artificial intelligence, machine learning and analytics software to create a digital copy of physical resources that can change when the physical copy changes, which means it can provide a huge amount of information about the object's life cycle.

It is estimated that by 2020 there will be about 21 a billion of Internet-connected sensors, so digital doubles will exist for billions of objects in the near future, if only to potentially save billions of dollars in maintenance and repairs. Thanks to this, it will be possible to optimize the work of the Internet of things.

All of the above is cool, but imagine how much cooler it would be if, instead of objects, we could make digital counterparts of people in order to track the course of the disease or the life of entire cities in real time!

For more information see the 2050 year.

Three-dimensional and aerosol screens. There will be possible three-dimensional screens - holograms. Advertising with their use can be either very entertaining, or terrible because of the potential unrealism (you can easily imagine this by watching the movie “Blade Runner 2049”).

The same can be said about the industry that wants to use this technology. I also doubt the importance of this technology: the computers had to kill the paper, and I still print out every presentation to read it.

In general, I think that a hologram cannot be an independent technology; it can only create a buzz around other more interesting technologies (such as adaptive projectors).

Neurocomputer interface sometimes called: neuro-controlled interface, brain interface, direct neural interface or brain-computer interface - this is a direct communication channel between the brain and an external device. It sounds very cool and futuristic, but you have probably already seen this technology at work, for example, in prosthetics.

But the constant access of the brain to the Internet can turn the technology. In addition to possible sociological, ethical and financial problems, I am also interested in theological questions: if everyone has access to the entirety of human knowledge at any given time, every human being will be a god. And if all the gods, then no one is a god. This is a soothing thought.

Zero Disclosure Proof (or brief non-interactive knowledge arguments with zero disclosure). Have you heard of privacy? Experts in the field of computing improve cryptographic tools to be able to prove something without disclosing the information underlying the evidence.

It sounds incredible, but not so impossible, if you understand the concept.

However, the zk-SNARK technology is slow and requires complex calculations. It also requires the so-called "trust protocol" to create a cryptographic key that can compromise the entire system if it falls into the wrong hands. But researchers are looking for alternatives that will use evidence with zero disclosure more effectively, without requiring such a key.

Flying unmanned vehicles. This technology is easy to imagine, because it has been part of the collective imagination for dozens, if not hundreds of years. It may well be that waiting for a driver on the side of a Uber or Lyft will one day become an old-fashioned way to get around the city, no matter how silly the idea of ​​flying cars sounds now.

We are already fighting for people to stop attacking classic unmanned vehicles, so for now there are no tangible results in this area.

Smart robots and autonomous mobile robots. This topic has always been an integral part of science fiction for obvious reasons: if we combine robotics with general artificial intelligence, we can assume the idea that the digital world can become physical.

But first, we need to improve the field of robotics (as long as the robots do not move very well) and create a new area of ​​artificial intelligence research. In addition, autonomous mobile robots will need capacious batteries, which means additional research is needed in the field of lithium-silicon technologies. Ilon Musk cannot take all the glory for himself?

Biotechnology, artificially grown and artificial tissue. These biohacks are divided into four categories that will redefine what it means to be human: technological improvement of the body, nutrigenomics, experimental biology, and biohacking grinders.

  • Technological improvement of the body - the use of various tools to improve human limbs (namely, augmented vision, limbs, printed on 3D printers, or artificial tissue).
  • Nutrigenomics is the study of the influence of food products and their components on gene expression. Also in this area are exploring, you can use certain products to slow down aging, cancer, or fight obesity.
  • Experimental biology is experimental science (as its name implies), and I don’t really understand it.
  • And finally, grinders - people who, using self-made cybernetic devices or through the introduction of chemicals into the body, try to improve or change the functionality of their bodies. It turns out that the principle of "do it yourself" can be applicable to the future. Thanks IKEA.

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