How long does immunity last after vaccination against COVID-19: data on different drugs - ForumDaily
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How long does immunity last after vaccination against COVID-19: data on different drugs

The COVID-19 vaccines produced by Pfizer and Moderna are very effective in preventing COVID-19 cases in real life settings, and research shows they should be effective over time. Writes about it Health Line.

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However, it remains unclear how long vaccines will prevent COVID-19, whether re-injections may be required in the future, and whether vaccines need to be refined to combat emerging variants of the virus.

In an April 2 Trusted Source report, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) studied nearly 4000 vaccinated healthcare workers, first responders, and other key and frontline workers.

They found that messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines developed by pharmaceutical companies Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna prevented 80% of cases after the first dose and 90% after the second.

The frontline employees in the study were tested for COVID-19 every week for 13 weeks.

The researchers said the low number of positive tests for COVID-19 in the research team indicates that vaccines reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from vaccinated people to others.

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“Reducing the risk of vector-borne infection, which can occur among people with asymptomatic infection or among people days before symptoms appear, is especially important for health care personnel, first responders, and other essential workers, given their potential for transmitting the virus through frequent close contact with patients and public,” the report notes.

“There is more and more evidence that transmission of the virus after vaccination is likely to be very low,” said Dr. Susan Bailey, an allergist and immunologist and president of the American Medical Association.

Protection lasts at least 6 months, or even longer

Separately, Pfizer-BioNTech reported that the ongoing phase 3 clinical trials of its mRNA vaccine show that strong immunizations persist for at least 6 months among vaccinated individuals.

The researchers found that the vaccine was 100% effective against severe illness and 95,3% effective against severe COVID-19.

The vaccine also proved to be 100% effective against one of the main variants of COVID-19 (known as B.1.351), which is currently widely circulating in South Africa.

The companies announced that the study, which involved 12 vaccinated individuals, found no "major safety issues" with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.

"The good news is that Pfizer's 6-month report shows immunity remains very strong and we expect it to continue to be strong," Bailey said.

“The people in the study received the vaccine earlier than anyone else, which tells us that it lasts at least 6 months,” she said. “But it could be much longer.”

The fact that the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine has remained largely unchanged throughout the study period suggests that protection will be long lasting.

Bailey noted that some vaccines, such as measles, mumps and rubella, usually provide lifelong immunity. Others, like the flu vaccine, require a new vaccine every year.

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“We don’t know exactly what the COVID-19 vaccine will be,” she noted. “If we do need a booster shot against COVID-19, we know it can be done easily thanks to new mRNA technology.”

Bailey believes the vaccines currently in use are effective against the COVID-19 variants circulating in the United States. But as the coronavirus infection continues to mutate, more resistant variants may emerge.

“My prediction is that we will need to vaccinate again in the future, not because the first dose of vaccine has stopped working, but because a new variant may emerge,” she said.

Some cases are still expected in vaccinated people

As noted in the study, vaccines do not completely eliminate the risk of developing COVID-19.

A recent report of 100 cases of COVID-19 occurring in vaccinated people in Washington state has raised public alarm.

But experts say such "breakthrough" cases are expected and represent only a small fraction of the more than 1 million Washington residents who have been vaccinated.

“Finding evidence of vaccine breakthrough cases reminds us that even if you have been vaccinated, you still need to wear a mask, practice social distancing and wash your hands to prevent spreading COVID-19 to others who have not been vaccinated,” said Dr. Umair Shah , head of the Washington State Department of Health.

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