On the 100 anniversary of Alexander Solzhenitsyn: the story of his wife about the life and inner strength of the writer

R'R °R °R °RRR.CN.RU R '° R ° RЅS,R RЅRμ RїRμSЂRμSЃS,R ° SЋS, SѓRґRoRІR "SЏS,SЊSЃSЏ, RєR RєRoRј RѕR ° ± SЂR ° F · C RѕRј RμR ‡" RѕRІRμRє, RґRѕR "RіRѕRμ RІSЂRμRјSЏ RЅRμ RoRјRμSЏ RІRѕR · RјRѕR¶RЅRѕSЃS,Ro RÃЃЃ ° ° ° ° С С СЊѓ С С С С С С С С …ЊЊЊЊЊЊЊЊёёё ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° елем XX векР°.

РќР ° тР° Р »РЁСЏ РЎРѕР» Р¶РµРЅРёС † С ‹РЅР ° РЅР ° откры Ѯии РІС ‹С «С‚Р ° РІРєРё В« РџРёСЃР ° тель Рё СЁР ° Р №РЅР ° В ».
Photo: Tsaritsyno Museum-Reserve

Rћ R¶RoR · RЅRo, C ... P ° SЂR ° RєS,RμSЂRμ Ryo S,RІRѕSЂS ‡ RμSЃS,RІRμ RїRoSЃR ° S,RμR "SЏ SЂR SЃSЃRєR ° F · ° F ° F" P RμRіRѕ R¶RμRЅR ° ° ° RќR тР° Р »РЁСЏ РЎРѕР» Р¶РµРЅРёС † С ‹РЅР ° РІ интервью РёР · РР ° РЅРЁСЋ Colta.

Сто Р »РµС‚, С ‡ то РёСЃРїРѕР »РЅСЏС‚СЃСЏ РЎРѕР» женРОС † С ‹РЅСѓ РІ этом РіРѕРґСѓ, - РРСРСРРР Р CRR CRR Cp VrCrpppdpdpdpdpdt ‚РѕС ‡ РєРЁ Р · ренШя С ‡ ШтР° тел ей, Р »РЁС‚ерР° СС СССРРС Р ± Р ° РЃСЃСРРСРРРРё. РќРѕ РІС ‹Р ± С‹ Р »РЁ Р» СЋР ± РёРјС ‹РЁ Р» СЋР ± РёР »РЁ конкретного, живого С ‡ ел овекР°. P, P · RЅR ° C ‡ Roes, C † Roes "SЂR ° RґRѕR" R¶RЅR ° RїSѓRіR ° S,SЊ Pd, Pd RѕS,RґR ° F "SЏS,SЊ RѕS, R¶RoRІRѕR№ RїR ° RјSЏS, Ryo.

РќРµС ‚. Меня РЅРµ РїСѓРіР ° РµС ‚РЁРЅРµ отдР° Р” СЏРµС ‚, РІСЃРµ эти С † РЁС„ СЂС ‹РєР ° жутся CѓСЃР» РСРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРєР ‹Р ‹Р ‹Р ‹РСРСРСР ,Р ,Р †Р †Р †СР †С †Р ССРРРРРРР РR ° R »СґСЃСЃСѓСѓСЃР РРСРРРРРРРРРРСжкР,С PђR »Рµ С„ РёР · РЁС ‡ ески. РћРЅ Р ± С ‹Р" СЌРЅРµСЂРіРёС ‡ ен, СЃРёР »РµРЅ, РјРѕР» РѕРґ, невероятен ЂРѕС ‡ ень РґРѕР »РіРѕ. РневоР· можно Р ± С ‹Р» Рѕ предстР° РІРёССС РЅРё РµРРРРС СЃС‚Р ° ростѸ, РЅРё С СРРРРР, СРРРРРРРРРРРСРСРСРР, РЅРЁ СРРРРСРРРРРРРРРРґРґР ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±РРРРРґРРРЊРРРРРРРРРРР РРґССР СРР ±Р ±Р ±Р РР ±Р РР ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±РРґРРРґРЊРР °Р °РС ‚СЊ сто Р» РµС ‚. РўР ° Рє Р ± С ‹Р» Рѕ РґРѕРІРѕР »СЊРЅРѕ РґРѕР» РіРѕ.

РќРѕ потом РѕРЅ Р · Р ° Р ± РѕР "РµР". Р'РѕР »РµР» РїРѕСЃР »РµРґРЅРёРµ пять Р» РµС ‚жиР· РЅРё. РќРѕ Рё тогдР° РѕРЅ РІС ‹РіР» яделрР° РЅРµРЅРЅС <Рј РІРѕРёРЅРѕРј, РїРѕРЅРёРјР ° ете? R "R °, SЃS,R ° SЂS <R№ RІRѕRoRЅ, RЅRѕ SЂR ° RЅRμRЅRoRμ â €" RІSЂRμRјRμRЅRЅRѕRμ: RμSЃR »P ± Pd C <RЅRμ RѕRЅRѕ, RѕRЅ ± F C <F" P ± C <S,R ° F Rє ¶Рµ готов Рє жиР· РЅРё Рё Р ± итве, РєРѕ всему. РўР ° Рє РєР ° Р · Р ° Р »РѕСЃСЊ. Р 'девяносто Р »РµС‚ его РЅРµ стР° Р »Рѕ. Рђ РјРЅРµ СЃРєРѕСЂРѕ Р ± СѓРґРµС ‚восемьдесят †”РІС‹ СЂР ° РІРЅРёРІР ° ется РІРѕР · СРР ССС ‚. РќРѕ СЏ его РїРѕРјРЅСЋ тР° РєРёРј, РєР ° РєРёРј РѕРЅ СѓС € еР», РѕРЅ РґР» СЏ меня РЅРµ стР° СЂРµРµС ‚. РЂо РЅРµ СЃРІСЏР · Р ° РЅРѕ СЃ С † РЁС „СЂР ° РјРё.

R'RѕR "SЊS € RoRμ C † Roes" SЂS <RІS <S,RμSЃRЅSЏSЋS, R¶RoRІSѓSЋ RїR ° RјSЏS,SЊ: RѕR ± SЂR ° F · RІRμR "RoRєRѕRіRѕ RїRoSЃR ° S,RμR" SЏ P · P ° SЃS, С ‹РІР ° ет, РїРѕРєСЂС ‹РІР ° СЏСЃСЊ Р ± СЂРѕРЅР · РѕР№.

Р ”Р” СЏ РєРѕРіРѕ-то - Р ± СЂРѕРЅР · РѕР№. Р ”Р” СЏ РєРѕРіРѕ-то †”РіР» РёРЅРѕР№. Р'С ‹РІР ° ет Ryo РіСЂСЏР · СЊ. РћРЅ весь РѕР ± Р »РµРїР» ен егенЀР,РЂР °Р ° РјРё РЁРґРґРѕРѕРґРґРРРРРРРРРР ‹Р ‹Р ‹Р ‹Р ‹Р ‹Р ‹Р ‹Р ‹Р ‹Р ‹Р ‹Р ‹Resus Рµ, РЅРѕ РІСЃРµ СЂР ° РІРЅРѕ РЅРµ СЃР »РЁС € РєРѕРј РїСЂР ° РІРґРѕРїРѕРґРѕР ± РЅС‹ еРРРРРСРСРСР РРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРР ±РРРРР ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ±РРРР ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ‹РРРР ±Р ±Р ±Р ±Р ‹РРґРРРРЅРЅР ‹РРРРР ±Р ±Р ±Р ‹РРРРР ± R ±R Р'С ‹РїСЂР ° РІС‹, еслШ РІ Р ± СЂРѕРЅР · Рµ Р · Р ° СЃС, С‹ РІР ° РµС, РЅРµРІРµСЂРЅС ‹Р№ РsР ± СЂР ° Р · Р СРСРР Р ± Р РРР РРР РРРР С СРР Р Р Р вР СРСРР РСРРР РРР РРРР С СРР Р РРРРРРРРСРРС Р РРРРРР СРР С РРРР Р РР РР ±Р СР »Р ·Р ·Р ·РР ‹Р ‹Р ‹Р‹ Р№РРР ± СЂР ° Р · € Р ° СЏ РїСЂРѕР ± Р »РµРјР °, РЅРѕ РѕРЅР ° СЃРѕР · РґР ° Р» Р ° СЃСЊ РЅРµ Р ± Р »Р ° РіРѕРґР ° СЂСЏ РЎРѕР» женРР С СРРРРР Р РРР РРРРРРРРРРРСР ‹Р »Р¶Р¶Р¶Р °Р °Р °Р °Р °P °R РR ° P, P ° P ј P, P, P ј P Ѓ P Ѓ P Ѓ P Ѕ P Ѕ P Р P Р P Р P Р P Р R ґ C-R Р R Р R Р R Р R Р R Р Р ° РѕР ± стоятельств его жиР· РЅРё, РёР · РРР РР ° Р “Р" Р 'РРРССРРРСРС ‹Р№ С † ел енР° РїСРРРРРРРРСРРС РРРРРРРРРРРРРСРРС РРРР РР °РРР ,Р ,Р РР РР -РРРСР РРРРёР РР РР РР -РРРРРРРРёРёР РРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРСРРРРРРРСРРС РРР ·Р °РёРёРёР РР РР -РРРРРРРРРёР РРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРСРРРРРРРРРСРР- · Р ° РїСѓСЃРєР ° Р »РєР» евету, Р »РѕР¶СЊ Р ± еР· РІРѕР · можности РїСѓР ± Р» РЁС ‡ РЅРѕ РсСРРРРСРСРСРСРСРСРРСРСРСРСРР Р РР РР ± Р »РЁС ‡ РЅРѕ РѕСРРРРРРСРСРР Р РРРР Р РР ± Р · Р · Р · Р · вету СЃС ‡ ете РІСЃРµ СЌС, Рѕ СЃС, Р ° Р »Рѕ С ‡ Р ° СЃС In SЊSЋ "P ± RѕRґR ° RЅRoSЏ S,RμR" RμRЅRєR SЃ RґSѓR ° ± RѕRјV ". РџСЂРЁ Р ± РѕРґР ° РЅРёРёРЃСЃ С, Р ° РєРЁРј РґРґРѓРѓР ±Р ±РјР‚ЂР»Р »РµРЅРѕРєРє РІС‹ Р ‹СѓР¶РґРµРЅР ± С ‹С‚СЊ СЃСѓСЂРѕРІР‹ РРРРРРРРР С С СРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРР ‹Р ‹РІ ° ться суровее, С З РµРј РЅР ° СЃР ° РјРѕРј деле.

РќРѕ РѕРЅ Р ± С ‹РІР ° Р» Рё РґСЂСѓРіРёРј! Р 'РЅР ° дежном месте, СЃ РґС ѓСЂРѓС ·Р · СЊСЏРёРё, РїСЂРѕ РСРѕСРРССС С… РјС ‹СРРСС ‡ Р РРѕ Р · РЅР ° Р» Р СР С СР С СР С СР С СР С СР С Р СРС Р С РРР С С Ѕ РЅРј Рё, РїСЂРє РРјРёР ,Р ·РЊРЊРмеѵте, СЃ РґРЂССѓР · ССЏРјРё, РїСЂРѕ РєРѕСРРСС С С… РјС ‹С‚РСС ССЏРјРё Р'РѕС ‚тут РsРЅ С € утиР», СѓР» С ‹Р ± Р ° Р» СЃСЏ, смеялся. РќРѕ СЌС‚РѕС ‚РѕР ± СЂР ° Р · РЅРµ стР° Р» РїСѓР ± Р »РЁС ‡ РЅС‹ Рј, Рє сожР° Р »РµРЅРёСЋ.

R ”СЂСѓР · ей, которы Рµ его тР° РєРёРј видеР»Ryo Ryo РїРѕРјРЅСЏС‚, “РјРЅРѕРіРѕ?

In Russia there was a lot. In the West, much less. But we also had friends there. And in Russia alone, the “invisibles” listed in the “Calf” are 115 people. It's a lot! These are all people with whom there were personal contacts.

Рменно РґСЂСѓР · СЊСЏ, РЅРµ СЃРѕСЂР ° тникки?

Р Р ° Р · деленШя РЅР ° РґСЂСѓР · ей Рё СЃРѕСЂР ° С, РЅРёРєРСРР С Р ± С‹ Р »Рѕ. R ”S ѓ ѓ Њ Њ Њ Њ Џ‚ Р Р Р ѕ Р Р І Р Р µ ј µ µ µ ‹‹ ‹‹ ‹‹ ‹‹ Ryo RґSЂSѓR · SЊSЏ, Ryo SRЃSЂR ° S, RЅRёRR. RЎ RЅRoRјRo RѕRЅ SЂR ° F · RґRμR "SЏR" RґRμR "of the PS RІSЃRμR№ R¶RoR RЅRo · â €" RґRѕRЅRμSЃS,Ro RґRѕ P "SЋRґRμR№ S,Sѓ SЂRμR ° F" SЊRЅRѕSЃS,SЊ, RєRѕS,RѕSЂR SЏ ° C ± F ‹P» R ° SЃRєSЂS ‹S, R °, RїSЂRµSЃS, SѓRїRЅRs SЃRїSЂSS‚R ° RЅR ° R» SЋRґRѕRµRґSЃRєRёRS РRµR¶RёRјRѕR.

РњРЅРѕРіРѕРµ Р »Рё РЁР · С · Ђого, С ‡ СÃ‚Рѕ РЎРѕР» Р¶РµРЅРёС † С ‹РЅ РЅРµ СЃРјРѕРі Р · Р ° РїРѕРјРЅРёССС РРР РР СРРРРРРРРРРРРСРСРРРРРРР РРР РРРРРРРРРРРРРРРЅРёРСР СР »Р »Р¶РРР »Р »Р »Р »Р »РРРР »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »РРР »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »Р »РРРР »РёРёР СR Рѕ Ѿтеряно Р ± еР· РІРѕР · РІСЂР ° С, РЅРѕ?

РџРѕ СЃС ‡ Р ° стью, немногое. P 'R' P? P? P? P? P? P? P? P? P? P? СЂРµС € Р ° Р »РЁ РїРёСЃР ° ть РїРёСЃСЊРјР ° РґРѕРјРѕР№. Р 'остР° Р »СЊРЅРѕРµ время СЂР ° Р · РІРµ тол СЊРєРѕ СЃР »СѓС ‡ Р ° Р№РЅС‹ Р№ РєР »РѕС ‡ РѕРє РїРѕРїРРРРРСР RќRѕ, RґR ° R¶Rμ RμSЃR "Ryo SѓRјSѓRґSЂRoS,SЊSЃSЏ P · ° F RїRoSЃR ° S,SЊ RЅR ° RЅRμRј RєR ° RєRoRμ-S,Rѕ SЃS,SЂRѕRєRo, C ... SЂR RЅRoS,SЊ SЌS,Rѕ ° C ± P < Р »Рѕ нел СЊР · СЏ.

РљРѕРіРґР ° РѕРЅ РІС ‹С € ел РёР · Р »Р ° геря РІ РєР ° Р · Р ° С… стР° РЅСЃРєСѓСЋ СЃСЃС‹ Р »РєСѓ, С ВРР РРРРР РРРРРРРРРС Р РРРРРРРРРРРРРС Р РРСРѓ РЅР ° Р · РЃР »РєРѓРРРР °Р ° РѕР РІС Р РРР ° Р · РРССР ° РЅСРєСѓСЋ СЃСЃС‹ Р SЂRμRіSѓR "SЏSЂRЅRѕ RѕS,RјRμS ‡ ° F S,SЊSЃSЏ PI RєRѕRјRμRЅRґR S,SѓSЂRμ ° P ± RμR SЂR · ° F · SЂRμS € RμRЅRoSЏ RЅRμ RјRѕRі RІS <RμR R¶R · ° F · F S,SЊ ° RіSЂR ° RЅRoS † С ‹РїРѕСЃРµР» РєР °. P RјRμRЅRЅRѕ S,RѕRіRґR ° RІSЃRμ SЃRѕS RoRЅRμRЅRЅRѕRμ Ryo ‡ P · ° RїRѕRјRЅRμRЅRЅRѕRμ P PI P "P ° RіRμSЂRμ RѕRЅ P · ° F RїRoSЃR ° F" Röhr · RіRѕR "RѕRІS <RІS <RЅSѓRІ Ryo RїRѕR" RѕR¶RoRІ RЅR ° F ± СѓРјР ° РіСѓ. РќРѕ времени Рё СЃРёР »РµРјСѓ едвР° С… РІР ° С ВР Р Р Р. RЈ RЅRμRіRѕ ± F C <F "P ° RґRІRѕR№RЅR SЏ ° C € RєRѕR" SЊRЅR ° SЏ RЅR ° RіSЂSѓR · RєR °, RѕRЅ R¶RoR "RѕRґRoRЅ P ‰ ° RїRѕRјRѕS Ryo R¶RґR ° F ± S,SЊ C. <P "of the PS RЅRμRѕS,RєSѓRґR °: † RѕS,RμS RїRѕRіRoR RμS ± ‰ Rμ RґRѕ SЂRѕR¶RґRμRЅRoSЏ SЃS <RЅR °, RјR S,SЊ SѓRјRμSЂR °" ° F PI 44-Rј, RєRѕRіRґR ° RѕRЅ RЅR ° C "SЂRѕRЅS Рµ воевР° Р », женР° РЅРµ дождР° Р» Р ° СЃСЊ Рё РІС ‹С € Р» Р ° Р · Р ° РјСѓР¶ Р · Р ° РґСЂСѓРіРѕРіРѕ. Р • РјСѓ Р ± С ‹Р» Рѕ всего 34 РіРѕРґР °. Р С‚СС ‚его РЅР ° СЃС, РёРіР» Рё метР° стР° Р · С ‹СЂР ° РєР °. Р'РѕС ‚тол СЊРєРѕ РѕРЅ РґР ° же РЅРµ Р · РЅР ° Р », С З СРР С СРкего СЂР ° Рє!

How's that?

P • RјSѓ RІS <SЂRμR · R ° R »Ryo ... RѕRїSѓS RѕR" SЊ PI P "P ° RіRμSЂRμ, RЅRѕ P · P" RѕRєR ° C ‡ RμSЃS,RІRμRЅRЅR ° SЏ RѕRЅR ° Röhr "Ryo RЅRμS,, RѕRЅ RЅRμ P · РЅР ° Р », этого С… РёСЂСѓСЂРі, дел Р ° РІС € РёР№ оперР° С † РёСЋ, РЅРµ СЃРєР ° Р · Р ° Р ». РЎР ° РјРѕРіРѕ С… РЁСЂСѓСЂРіР ° РЅР ° СЃР »РµРґСѓСЋС ‰ РёР№ день этР° РїРѕРј РІС‹ СЃР »Р ° Р» Рё РёРёР · Р »РРСРССС РћРЅ только РєСЂРёРєРЅСѓР» РІ РѕРєРѕС € РєРѕ: In «РЇ твой Р ° РЅР ° Р» РёР · РІРѕСЃР »Р ° Р» РІ РћРјСЃРє. P - P ° PÃРРѕРјРЅРё! В ». РћРЅ Р · Р ° РїРѕРјРЅРёР », РЅРѕ РЅРµ РїРѕРЅСЏР» Рё РЅРµ Р · РЅР ° Р », Р · Р ° С ‡ ем это нужно. РќРѕ, РєРѕРіРґР ° Р ± РѕР »РµР · РЅСЊ вернул Р ° СЃСЊ, СЃР »РѕРІР ° С… РёСЂСѓСЂРіР ° РїСЂРёРіРѕРґРёР» РёСЃСЊ. Р 'В «Р Р ° РєРѕРІРѕРј корпусе» РѕРїРёСЃР ° РЅР ° история его РёСЃС † еления.

RI S Р S »Р¶РµРЅРёС † С‹ РЅ СЂРµС € РёР »Р · Р ° РїРёСЃР ° ть. РљР ° Рє это стР° Р »Рѕ РІРѕР · можно?

R 'SЃSЃS ‚РёРєСѓѓ, Р ° строномШю Швел СЂР ° Р · РЅС ‹Рµ кружки. РћРЅ Р »СЋР ± РёР» преподР° РІР ° ть, Р »СЋР ± РёР» С € РєРѕР »Сѓ, РѕРЅР ° Р ± С‹ Р »Р ° РґР» СЏ негРÑ СЃРїР С СРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРP РРРРРРРРРPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP РќРѕ РІ его отсуСС, ствие опееЀмог Р · Р ° йти РІ С… РёР ± Р ° СЂРєСєС, РвСЃРјРѕСССРРССС РІРµСРСРРСРРСРРСРРССРРѓС ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р РР ·Р РР РР РР РР РР ·Р РР ·Р ·Р ·Р РР ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·С ·С РРР ·Р‚Р РРСР ·РСРтРРР ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·Р ·РР РР РРР РР ±РР ±РёСРРСРРССРРС. РїРёСЃРё. РќР ° РґРѕ Р ± С ‹Р» Рѕ РЁС… прятР° ть. RќR ° SѓS RoS,RμR ‡ "SЊSЃRєSѓSЋ P · ° F SЂRїR" P S,Sѓ ° C ‡ · RμSЂRμR RЅRμRєRѕS,RѕSЂRѕRμ RІSЂRμRјSЏ RѕRЅ SЃRјRѕRі RєSѓRїRoS,SЊ C "RѕS,RѕR ° RїRїR ° SЂR ° C. RњRЅRѕRіRѕ SЃRЅRoRјR ° F "RѕRєSЂSѓR¶R ° SЋS SѓSЋ R¶RoR ‰ · RЅSЊ, SЃS,R ° SЂRoRєRѕRІ, RґRμS,RμR№, RєRѕR" ‡ SЋS RєRo SЃS,RμRїRЅS <Rμ, C ‡ S,Rѕ SѓRіRѕRґRЅRѕ. ФотогрР° С „РёСЂРѕРІР ° ть ему РЅСЂР ° РІРёР” РѕСЃСЊ. RќRѕ RіR "RІRЅRѕRμ ° F ± F C <F" of the PS RїSЂRoSѓS RoS,SЊ ‡ P "SЋRґRμR№ Rє S,RѕRјSѓ C ‡ S,Rѕ RѕRЅ RІSЃRμRіRґR SЃ ° C" RѕS,RѕR RїRїR ° ° ° SЂR S,RѕRј, тР° РєРѕР№ РІРѕС ‚СѓРІР» РµС ‡ РµРЅРЅС ‹Р№ Р» СЋР ± итель-С„ отогрР° С „. RќR ° SЃR ° RјRѕRј R¶Rμ RґRμR "Rμ C" RѕS,RѕR ° RїRїR ° SЂR ° C ± F C <F "RμRјSѓ RЅSѓR¶RμRЅ C ± ‡ S,RѕR C <RїRμSЂRμSЃRЅRoRјR ° S,SЊ SЂSѓRєRѕRїRoSЃRo. РџР »РµРЅРєСѓ ведь Р» РµРіС ‡ Рµ прятР° ть! Пересняв РЅР ° РїРёСЃР ° РЅРЅРѕРµ, РѕРЅ сжигР° Р »РѕСЂРёРіРёРЅР ° Р» С ‹. RџRѕSЌS,RѕRјSѓ SЂSѓRєRѕRїRoSЃRЅS <RѕSЂRoRіRoRЅR ° C ... P "RѕRІ RμRіRѕ SЂR ° RЅRЅRoS ... SЂR ° F ± RѕS, RЅRμ SЃSѓS RμSЃS,RІSѓRμS ‰,: RЅRo RїRѕSЌRјS <B" P "RѕSЂRѕR¶RμRЅSЊRєR ° B" RЅRo RїSЊRμSЃ, RЅRo In "R 'RєSЂSѓRіRµ RїRµSЂRІRѕRV", РєРѕС‚РѕСЂС ‹Р№ РѕРЅ РЅР ° С ‡ Р ° Р» РїРёСЃР ° ть РІ РљРѕРє-Тереке. РќРё РѕРґРЅРѕР№ СЂСѓРєРѕРїРёСЃРё РґРѕ В «Р Р ° РєРѕРІРѕРіРѕ РєРѕСЂРїСѓСЃР ° В» РЅРµ СЃРѕС… СЂР ° РЅРёР »РѕСЃСЊ. РџРѕР · же РѕРЅ СЃР ° Рј РїРµСЂРµРїРµС ‡ Р ° тР° Р »РІСЃРµ С‚РµРєСЃС‚С <С РїР Реннок, тР° Р С С С СРР РС СР РР РР Р Р Р Р Р РРРРРРРРРРРРєРє, тР° РРСРС РС РРРРР Р РРРРРРРР, Р ° Р РРІР РееЂР°РјРРРїРїР °Р °Р °РРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРP еперь СЃСѓС ‰ РµСЃС‚РІСѓСЋС ‚РІ РІРёРґРµ Р ° вторской РјР ° С € РёРЅРѕРїРёСЃРё.

РќРѕ, Р · РЅР ° ете, ведь Р ± С ‹Р» Рё Рё Рё РґСЂРѓРёРёР, Р ± РѕР »РµРµ РїРѕР · РґРЅРёРµ, потери. P X XtH РґСЂРЃЃжЁЁЁеРСР ° Rђ SЃSЂRμRґRo RЅRoS ... C ± F <R "Ryo In" RџRoSЂ RїRѕR ± RμRґRoS,RμR "RμR№V" RѕS,RєSЂRѕRІRμRЅRЅRѕ RЅS,RoSЃRѕRІRμS,SЃRєRoR№ ° F. RЎ SЌS,RѕRіRѕ RјRѕRјRμRЅS,R °, SЃ 65-RіRѕ RіRѕRґR °, RІR "P ‡ RѕRєRѕRЅS SЃS,SЊ ° F ° S,RμR" SЊRЅRѕ SЃRѕS ‡ P "P ° RЎRѕR" R¶RμRЅRoS † C <RЅR ° RІSЂR ° РіРѕРј, РЅРµ-РёСЃ-РїСЂР ° -РІРё-РјС ‹Рј. Что СЃРїСЂР ° ведливо. RћRЅ RґRμR№SЃS,RІRoS,RμR "SЊRЅRѕ ± F C <F" RЅRμRїSЂRoRјRoSЂRoRјS <Rј RІSЂR RіRѕRј ° F ± RѕR "SЊS € RμRІRoSЃS,SЃRєRѕRіRѕ SЃS,SЂRѕSЏ.

Р ›Р ° гернР° СЏ С, ел огрейкР° Рђ.Р. РЎРѕР »Р¶РµРЅРёС † С‹ РЅР °, РЅРµ РїРѕР · днее 1950-С…
Photo: Tsaritsyno Museum-Reserve

РќРѕ РѕРЅ †”РѕРґРёРЅ РёР · немногих, кто РІС <С € ел РёР · этой СЃС… РІР ° тки РїРѕР ± едРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРР Р РІ С‚РІРѕСЂС ‡ еском СЃРјС ‹СЃР» Рµ, Рё РІ РґСѓС… РѕРІРЅРѕРј.

РҐРѕСЂРѕС € Рѕ, С ‡ то РІС ‹С‚Р ° Рє РґСѓРјР ° РµС Рµ. Хотя, РјРЅРµ РєР ° жется, это нескоРСРєРѕ преждевременно. Р ”Р °, РѕР РіС ‚РѕРіРґР °. РќРѕ СЃРєР ° Р · Р ° ть, С ‡ то РЅР ° С € Р ° СЃС, СЂР ° РЅР ° РІ своем РЅC РЅС ‹Рµ СЃС, РёРіРјС‹, РєРѕС‚РѕСЂС ‹Рµ остР° РІРёР» РєРѕРјРјСѓРЅРёР · Рј, нельР· СЏ. РЈ РЅР ° СЃ РѕРЅРё РІРїРѕР »РЅРµ РµС Рµ С † ветут.

P 'C ‡ PµRј RIS ‹RІRёRґRґS, Rµ RёS ... RїSЂRѕSЏRІR» РµRЅRёSЏ?

RћS,RєSЂRѕR№S,Rμ RoRЅS,RμSЂRЅRμS, â € "RїRѕSЃRјRѕS,SЂRoS,Rμ, SЃRєRѕR" SЊRєRѕ S,R ° Rј SЃR ° R№S,RѕRІ RЅRμRѕRєRѕRјRјSѓRЅRoSЃS,RoS ‡ RμSЃRєRoS ... RЅRμRѕRєRѕRјSЃRѕRјRѕR "SЊSЃRєRoS .... РњРѕР »РѕРґС‹ Рµ Рё СЃС, Р ° СЂС ‹Рµ Р» СЋРґРё РјРµС ‡ тР° СЋС ‚Рѕ РІРѕР · РІСЂР ° С ‰ ении прежнего.

RR SrRr сегодня РїР ° СЂС, РёРё Рё СЂР ° Р · РЅРѕРѕР ± СЂР ° Р · РЅС ‹С… ее ответвл ений.

РћС € РёР ± Р ° етесь! PC, Р * РІРѕРѕР ± С ‰ Рµ нельР· СЏ СЃСЂР ° РІРЅРёРІР ° С. СЊ. Р • РґРёРЅРѕСЂРѕСЃСЃС ‹Ђ” толи РЁ РїР ° ртия, то Р» РЁРєР »СѓР ±, то Р» РЁ РРРРРРР С С Рµ неиР· РІРµРСРCРCРCРC . РћС ‚РЅРёС…, РІ РѕР ± С ‰ ем, РјР ° Р» Рѕ С ‡ то Р · Р ° РІРёСЃРёС, Рё РјР ° Р »Рѕ С ‡ ем РsРЅРё СѓРїСЂР ° РІР» СССКСКСКСКСКСКСКСКСКСКСКСКСКСКСКСКСКСКСКСКСКС РЅРµ. Rђ RјRμR¶RґSѓ S,RμRј RєRѕRјRјSѓRЅRoSЃS,RoS ‡ RμSЃRєRoRμ RoRґRμRo SЂRμSЋS, RІSЃRμ RЅR ° SЃS,RѕR№S ‡ RoRІRμRμ, Ryo RѕRЅRo RѕRїR ° SЃRЅS <S,RμRј C ‡ S,Rѕ RґR SЋS °, R "RѕR¶RЅS ‹Рµ ответы РЅР ° СЃРѕРІРµСЂС € енно СЃРїСЂР ° ведливое негодовР° РЅРёРµ Р» юдей. RS,Rѕ RЅRμRіRѕRґRѕRІR ° RЅRoRμ RoRјRμRμS, RїRѕRґ SЃRѕR ± RѕR№ RїRѕS ‡ RІSѓ, Ryo RЅRμ S,RѕR "SЊRєRѕ Sѓ RЅR ° SЃ PI SЃS,SЂR ° RЅRμ, RіRґRμ SѓRіRѕRґRЅRѕ: RІSЃSЏ P" † SЂRμS RoSЏ S,RμRїRμSЂSЊ SЂR ° F · РіСѓР »РёРІР ° ет РїРѕРґ РєСЂР ° СЃРЅС ‹РјРё Р · РЅР ° менР° РјРё. РљР ° РєР ° СЏ-РЅРёР ± СѓРґСЊ Нигерия тоже СЂР ° Р · РіСѓР »РёРІР ° ет! RS, ROC ¶РµРµРЅРёРµ СЂСѓСЃСЃРєРёС…. RђR "RμRєSЃR RЅRґSЂ ° F ° SЃR RμRІRoS ‡ SЃ SЌS,RoRј RїRѕSЃS,RѕSЏRЅRЅRѕ SЃRїRѕSЂRoR" SЃRїSЂR ° C ° € RoRІR SЏ: S,R ° Rє RІS <RїSЂRѕS,RoRІ RєRѕRјRјSѓRЅRoR · RјR ° Röhr "Ryo RїSЂRѕS,RoRІ P RѕSЃSЃRoRo РєР ° Рє С, Р ° РєРѕРІРѕР№? RќRѕ â € "The" SѓRіRѕRґRoR "of the PS F · RμSЂRЅS <From € RєRѕ RїSЂRѕRјRμR¶ RґRІSѓS R¶RμSЂRЅRѕRІRѕRІV ..." â € "RЅR ° F RѕRґRoRЅRμ RѕRЅ RЅRμ SѓSЃS,SЂR RoRІR ° ° P" RєRѕRјRјSѓRЅRoSЃS,RѕRІ Ryo RЅR ° PP ° RїR ° RґRμ RЅRμ SѓRіRѕRґRoR ": RμRіRѕ SЃRѕS ‡ P" Ryo SЂSѓSЃSЃRєRoRј RЅR ° C ° F † RoRѕRЅR "RoSЃS,RѕRј, RїRѕSЃRєRѕR" SЊRєSѓ RѕRЅ P P · ° C Roes ‰ ‰ P ° R "RoSЃS,RѕSЂRoS RμSЃRєSѓSЋ ‡ P RѕSЃSЃRoSЋ, RіRѕRІRѕSЂSЏ , С ‡ то нелепо СЃС ‡ RёС‚Р ° СЊСЊ РєР ° РјР ± оджиРРРРРС РР РРСРРСРРРР РРСРРРРРРРРР РР РР Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р РРЌѵеРРРР РРРРРРРРРРРРРР ±Р РР РРґР-Р °Р ° РјР ± оджаР° Р ±Р ± оджиаР±Р ±Р РР РджааР±Р ±Р РдджаР±Р ±Р ±Р РР РРґРР °Р °Р °Р ±Р РРР РРР °Р °Р °Р ±Р ±РґР РРРR ±R °R ±R ±R РR РRRR °RRR Р РЅРёР ± СѓРґСЊ РєРѕРјРјСѓРЅРёР · Рј порожд μRЅRoRμRј RІR ° F ° F RЅR "SЂRѕR · RЅRѕRіRѕ. RќRѕ RμRіRѕ RѕRїRїRѕRЅRμRЅS,S <RЅR SЃS,R ° ° ° F RoRІR "Ryo: RєRѕRјRјSѓRЅRoR · Rј â €" SЂSѓSЃSЃRєR SЏ RїSЂR ° ° ° RєS,RoRєR, RѕRЅ SЃRѕRІRμSЂS € RμRЅRЅRѕ RѕSЂRіR ° RЅRoS ‡ RμRЅ RґR "SЏ SЂSѓSЃSЃRєRѕRіRѕ RЅR SЂRѕRґR ° ° . R'SЂRѕRґRμ RєR ° Rє SЂSѓSЃSЃRєRoRμ â € "S,R ° RєRѕR№ RѕS,RґRμR" SЊRЅS <R№ SЂR ° F ± SЃRєRoR№ RЅR ° SЂRѕRґ, RєRѕS,RѕSЂS <R№ C ... ‡ RѕS RμS, RЅR ° ± Rґ SЃRѕR RѕR№ RєRЅSѓS,R ° Ryo RґR "SЏ RєRѕS,RѕSЂRѕRіRѕ S,RѕR" SЊRєRѕ S,R ° ± RєRѕR№ SЃRїRѕSЃRѕR SѓSЃS,SЂRѕR№SЃS,RІR ° R¶RoR RЅRo Pd · · RІRѕR RјRѕR¶RμRЅ. Р'РїРѕР »РЅРµ СЂР ° систский РІР · РіР» СЏРґ.

RЎ S,RμRј C ‡ S,Rѕ PI P RѕSЃSЃRoRo RґRѕRІRѕR "SЊRЅRѕ SЃRoR" SЊRЅRѕ SЃRєSѓS ‡ ° F SЋS, RїRѕ SЃRoR "SЊRЅRѕR№ SЂSѓRєRμ, RЅRμ RїRѕSЃRїRѕSЂRoS € SЊ.

R ° C, ѓ ѓ Ѓ Ѓ ‹‹ ‹‹ ‹‹ ‹‹ ‹‹ ‹‹ ‹‹ ‹‹ ‹‹ ‹‹ Р »РµРЅРёСЋ, РјР ° Р» Рѕ СѕРїРѕСЃРѕР ± РЅС ‹Рє СЃР ° РјРѕРѕСЂРіР ° РЅРёР · Р ° С † РёРё. R'RµSaRo ПрострР° нствР° РѕРіСЂРѕРјРЅС ‹Рµ, РєР» РёРјР ° С, СЃСѓСЂРѕРІС ‹Р№. R'S RѕR "RμRμ R¶RμSЃS,RєRѕR№ RѕSЂRіR RЅRoR · ° F ° C RoRo † C ‡ RμRј RєR ° R¶RґS <R№ RμR C ‡ '... C RѕRІRμRє RѕS,RμR" P ± C <RЅR ° ± Rґ SЃRѕR РѕР№ СѓС ‡ редить. R'ЃµЃ ‹‹ ‹СС Ѓ ‹‹ ‹ Ryo. Р ”Р °, РѕРРё теперь РЅРµ СѓРїСЂР ° РІР» СЏСЋС ‚РїРѕР» РЁС · РЁС Р‡РµСЃРєРѕР№ жиР· РЅСЊСЋ. RќRѕ SЌS,Rѕ RЅRμ RїSЂRѕSЃS,Rѕ SЂSѓRґRoRјRμRЅS,, RѕRЅRo SЃRѕS ... SЂR ° RЅRoR "RoSЃSЊ RЅRμ S,RѕR" SЊRєRѕ RєR ° Rє SЃRoRјRІRѕR "C <P · P ° C ‡ RμRј-S,Rѕ RѕRЅRo SЃRІRѕRoRј SЃS,SЂR ° РЅР ° Рј РЅСѓР¶РЅС ‹.

R'R ° C € Sѓ RјC … РѕСЂРѕС € Р ° РјРѕРЅР ° СЂС… РёСЏ, то, РІРѕР · можно, РєР ° РєРёРј-то стрР° РЅР ° Рј Р · Р ° С ‡ ем-С‚РРРРРРРРРРРРРРРР РРјРјР ,Р ,Р,, РєР ° РєР °Р °РЅРѕРѕРєРєРєРєР ,Р ,Р °Р °Р °Р¶РЅРЅРѕРРРРєРєРјР °Р °Р¶Р¶Р¶РЅРѕРєРєРєРєРжажнноРРРРєРєРєРРккжнноРРРРєРРєРРР °РєРєР¶РЅРЅРС Р РѕС ‡ ень РїРѕРґС… РѕРґРёС ‚РєРѕРјРјСѓРЅРёР · Р.

НельР· СЏ РїСЂРѕРґРѕР» жШть тР° РєРёРј РѕР ± СЂР ° Р · РѕРј. РљРѕРјРјСѓРЅРёР · Рј РЅРёРєРѕРјСѓ РЅРµ РїРѕРґС… РѕРґРёС ‚, РІ его идее Р · Р ° Р »РѕР¶РµРЅ РsР ± РјР ° РЅ. RћRЅ RґRμRєR "P ° SЂRoSЂSѓRμS, Ryo RѕR RμS ‰ ± P ° RμS, S,R ° RєRѕRμ SЂR ° RІRμRЅSЃS,RІRѕ, RєRѕS,RѕSЂRѕRμ RЅRμRІRѕR · RјRѕR¶RЅRѕ. R ›SЋRґRё ÑРождР° ются нерР° РІРЅС‹ РјРё. P Р R ° Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ…………………… Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ Њ ° Pґ SЃS, S Ð P Ð P Р P Р P С C Р Р P Р P Ѓ C Ѓ S ѕ S, P S C, S Ѓ P є P ‚S Њ S Њ P Р Re ѕ R Ѕ P Ѕ R Р Ri ё Rё, R Р Re ± R Р R Р R Р R Р R Р R ѓ ѕ. RґRѕSЃS,R ° F S,RѕRє Sѓ P "SЋRґRμR№ RЅRμ RјRѕR¶RμS P ± C <S,SЊ SЂR ° RІRЅS <Rј, RїRѕS,RѕRјSѓ C ‡ S,Rѕ RѕRґRoRЅ SЃRїRѕSЃRѕR ± RЅS <R№, P ° RґSЂSѓRіRѕR No. неспосоР± РЅС ‹Р№, Рё РѕР ± стоятел ьствР° Сѓ всех С ° Р ° Р · РЅС ‹Рµ.

РџСЂР ° РІРёР »СЊРЅРѕРµ СЂР ° венство - СЌССРР СЂР ° венство перед Р · Р ° РєРѕРЅРѕРј. RўR ° RєRѕRμ RґRμR№SЃS,RІRoS,RμR "SЊRЅRѕ RЅRμRѕR C ± ... RѕRґRoRјRѕ RєR R¶RґRѕRјSѓ SЂRѕRґRoRІS ° C ‡ € RμRјSѓSЃSЏ RμR" RѕRІRμRєSѓ. Р РѕРЅРѕ РґРѕР »Р¶РЅРѕ Р ± С‹ ть РѕР ± РµСЃРїРµС ‡ ено. RќRѕ SѓR¶ RїSЂRo RєRѕRјRјSѓRЅRoR · RјRμ SЃRїSЂR ° RІRμRґR "RoRІRѕRіRѕ SЃSѓRґR ° R¶RґR ° S,SЊ RЅRμ RїSЂRoS ... RѕRґRoS,SЃSЏ, SЌS,Rѕ RЅR € ° C ° F ° RЅRμRґR RІRЅSЏSЏ RoSЃS,RѕSЂRoSЏ RґRѕRєR ° F · F ° F "R.

RљRѕRјRјSѓRЅRoR · Rј RІRѕRѕR C ± ‰ â € Rμ "SЃS,SЂR ° C RЅR ° SЏ € € S,SѓRєR ° C, ± RѕRЅ S,SЂRμR SѓRμS, RѕS, R" SЋRґRμR№ RЅRμ S,RѕR "SЊRєRѕ RґRoSЃS RoRїR †" RoRЅS <C "Röhr Roes · ‡ ‡ RμSЃRєRѕRіRѕ RїRѕRґS RoRЅRμRЅRoSЏ, ... RІSЃRμS SЃRoR" SѓRјR °, S,R ° F "P ° RЅS,R ° Ryo RЅRμSѓSЃS,R ° RЅRЅRѕR№ SЂR ° F ± RѕS,S <. РќРµС ‚. Сверх всего СЌС, РѕРіРѕ РєРѕРјРјСѓРЅРёР · Р С, реР± СѓРµС, РґСѓС € Сѓ. R 'SЌS, RѕRј SЂR ° R · R Р RёS ‡ RyoRµ S, RѕS Р R ° R »RёR Р S Ѕ R R R Р R Р R Ѓ S Ѓ S Р RР R R Р S Р R Р S ‚Р ° Р» РЁС, Р ° СЂРЅР ° СЏ С, реР± СѓРµС ‚РµС ‰ Рµ Рё РР СґС € Сѓ, Р ° вториСРР С СРРРР С СРРРРРРРРРР СРРРРРРРРРРРРР С СРРРР С СРРЏР ° СЏРЏР ° яЏЂР° ССеЃРССРРРРР С СРРРРРРРРРРРР С СРРРРР СРРРР С СРРСРРСРРРР С СРРРРРСРРРРР С СРРРРРРРРРРРС СР

РўРѕ есть, РІС ‹Р ± РёСЂР ° СЏ РёР · РРІСѓС… Р · РѕР» Ђ

RS, RS RґR ° R¶Rµ SЃRјRµС € РЅРѕ - РІС ‹Р ± РёСЂР ° С, СЊ! РћРЅРё СЂСЏРґРѕРј РЅРµ стояли. RўRѕS,R ° F "RoS,R ° SЂRoR Rј · â €" SЌS,Rѕ RЅRμ RїSЂRѕSЃS,Rѕ RјRѕR "C ‡ S,SЊ P °, P · RЅR SЏ ° C ‡ S,Rѕ S,RІRѕRμRіRѕ RЅRμRІRoRЅRЅRѕRіRѕ F ± SЂR ° тР°, РёР »Рё соседР°, РёР» РЁ РґСЂСѓРіР ° Р · Р ° РєР ° ѮР° Р »Рё Р СРС РРРР РРРРР РРР РРР РРР РРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРР РРР Р РР ° Р · Р ° РєР ° Р ° Р ° Р В · Р ° РєР ° С РРР Р Р Р Р РР Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р Р the a C R R R R R R RR RR RR RR RR RR RR RR RR RR ± С ‰ ем СЃРѕР ± СЂР ° РЅРёРё Рё РєСЂРёС ‡ Р ° ть: In "РЎРѕР ± Р ° РєРµ“ СЃРѕР ± Р ° С ‡ СЊСЏ смерть! В ”. R R ± C РўР ° РєРѕРіРѕ РЅРЁ РІ РєР ° РєРѕР№ РђРЅРіР »РёРё РЅРё РїСЂРё РєР ° РєРѕРј Кромвел µµ Р СРµ Р ± С ‹Р» Рѕ; РЅРёРіРґРµ РЅРµ Р ± С ‹Р» Рs.

Рсегодня РјРЅРѕРіРёРµ РЅР ° С € РР С ССРРРѓР внностЂРвР РР РР ·РРРРР РР РРґРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNРNR‚R‚ RјR °, RєRѕS,RѕSЂS <R№ RѕRґRЅRoS ... SЂR ° SЃS,R "Röhr" PI RґSЂSѓRіRoS ... RІSЃRμR "Röhr" RїRѕR · RІRѕRЅRѕS ‡ RЅS <R№ SЃS,SЂR ° C ... Ryo SЌS,Rѕ PI RЅRμSЃRєRѕR "SЊRєRoS ... РїРѕРєРѕР »РµРЅРёСЏС .... RќRѕ Ryo SЌS,Rѕ RЅRμ RІSЃRμ: RѕRЅ RoSЃRєR ° F · Röhr "RoSЃS,RѕSЂRoSЋ Ryo SЃRїSЂSЏS,R ° F" RμRμ RѕS, RЅR ° SЃ, RЅRμ RґRѕRїSѓSЃRєR ° SЏ RЅRoRєR ° RєRoS ... RґRoSЃRєSѓSЃSЃRoR№ RїRѕ SЃSѓS ‰ RμSЃS,RІSѓ. RЎЎґјґґґРЅЅЅЅЅЅЅЅ‚‚‚‚РРР ° ° ° ° ° ° · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN »Рѕ Рё нет РЅР ° СЃС, РѕСЏС РµРіРѕ РїР ° СЂР »Р ° менС, Р °.

R '1994 РіРѕРґСѓ, РєРѕРіРґР ° РІС ‹СЃ РЎРѕР» Р¶РµРЅРёС † С ‹РЅС‹ Рј РІРѕР · РІСЂР ° С ‰ Р ° Р »РёСЃСЊ РІ Р РѕСЃСЃРёРР Р РРР Р РРРРРРРРРР Р Р Р Р Р Р РСЃСЊ РІ Р РРСРСРРРРР Р Р Р Р Р РЃССЊ РІ Р РР РЃСРРРёС † Р ‹Р °Р ° RIS РЅР ° то, С ‡ то РІСЃРµ Р ± С ѓРґРµС ‚РёРЅР ° С ‡ Рµ. RќRoRєS,Rѕ RЅRμ RјRѕRі RїSЂRμRґSЃS,R ° ± RІRoS,SЊ SЃRμR Rμ, C S,Rѕ RІRјRμSЃS,Rѕ ‡ P "‡ RѕRіRoS RЅRѕRіRѕ RґRІRoR¶RμRЅRoSЏ RІRїRμSЂRμRґ F ± SѓRґRμS, SЃRґRμR" of the PS F ° C ° F € PI RЅR ° F · Р ° Рґ.

Р'РїРѕР »РЅРµ можно Р ± С‹ Р »Рѕ Рѕ предстР° РІРЁС, СЊ. RќRµR ± S Рђ петля РЅР ° РєР ° РєРѕРј-то этР° РїРµ имеет РѕР ± СЂР ° тное РЅР ° РїСРРР РРРРРРРРРРРРР РРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРРррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррррр РрРрррррр

Do you believe that?

PC, Рѕ РЅРµ РІРѕРїСЂРѕСЃ РІРµСЂС ‹, СЌС, Рѕ РїСЂРѕСЃСРР С СРР Рє Рё есть. Посмотрите РЅР ° РџРѕР »СѓС € СѓRёRЃRµR РR РRµRµRµRµRµRїRµRѕRїRЃRїRЋRїRЋRЋRЋRЋR »R »R »R »R »RRRRRЋRЋRЋRЋRЋRЋRЋRЋRЋRЋRЋRЋRЋRЋR Р P Ћ S Ћ: R ·R · R С S Ђ R Р R Р ё Rё RРRРSЏS, SЊ RЊRѕRјRјSѓRЅRЃS‚S‚RРS РRїS RR Ѓ S ѓ RЅR …SRSRЅRЃSѓS‚RѕS‚RSѓ RЅRЅRёS ... RєRsRRјSѓRЅRёSЃSСS RRRRÖS ...

РќРѕ Сѓ РЅР ° СЃ-то РЅРµ РёР · Р ± СЂР ° Р »Рё. РќР ° РѕР ± РѕСЂРѕС ‚, сдел Р ° Р »Рё РІСЃРµ, С ‡ тоР± С‹ РІ 96-Рј РЅРµ РёР · Р ± СЂР ° ть.

In 96 and we have elected. And they did everything to hide it, not to admit. And we see how the “speaking” part of the society that was involved in the election manipulation and who was close to power, was getting further and further away from the non-speaking part. She has a huge responsibility.

And the power itself, it turns out, again with it?

Power is always with it, always more responsible than ordinary people. The government has a greater opportunity for maneuver than the society. And even if only because the power is always to blame more. And Nicholas II is more to blame for the revolution than the society opposed to him. But society is also to blame! It is to blame for the split, which lasted for a century and a half and did not yield to any reasonable compromise, is to blame for the mutual pathos of destruction.

So it is today. In all that can happen bad, the power will be to blame more. But this does not make it easier for anyone, and it does not relieve us of responsibility as citizens.

You often talk about the destructive power of the split and the need for common experiences that would unite us. And what is considered the point of the final split? Crimea?

What do you! We have long been in a split, since the days of the Civil War. Just Crimea was - for a huge part of society - an opportunity to experience common feelings. A very small part broke off at that moment. For the majority, Crimea was a common positive emotion, on which the government relied for a while.

Because before, there was nothing particularly to rely on: in 90, under the weight of sudden changes, society atomized, people stopped supporting each other, helping, everyone suddenly began to survive on his own; the children began to reproach their parents that their neighbors had a flat-car there, because “their father lived and managed to get right”, and we are all the same, because of poverty; people stopped visiting each other. They stopped knowing about each other and want to know something. Thank God, this bruise passes gradually. And an understanding is gained that one cannot buy happiness with money alone. Somehow we are returning to humanity gradually. But the ironic expression “for the power is insulting” actually has not at all an ironic background, this feeling is still not satisfied. Therefore, the Crimea was perceived so vigorously: it was a sense of justice, because, of course, the Crimea is Russia. Historically, he is anyone's - Turkish, Greek, Khazar - but not Ukrainian! This is clear to everyone, including the normal Ukrainians. Another thing is that legally it was done, obviously, in violation of the rules. But these violations were laid at the time of the collapse of the USSR, in the 90s. And, by the way, Solzhenitsyn talked about it then publicly. And Yeltsin wrote a letter (it was published and known) that the division of the country along Leninist borders could have a very serious effect in the near future. After all, these borders were artificially cut in 1922 by the Bolsheviks for reasons of maintaining their power. And since we are moving away from this power, we should not consider these boundaries sacred and cannot recognize them without legal reservations. It is simply dangerous!

Then our entire intelligentsia came upon him incredibly, and first Elena Georgievna Bonner, God rest her soul, shouted: “What are you, what are you! Now it is impossible even to say it in a whisper. Shut up, Solzhenitsyn! Shut up, because it can lead to the Yugoslav variant. ”

In less than twenty years, Russia returned the Crimea to the jubilation of its citizens. Yes, there were violations of international law. But who understands this from the citizens? Our citizens do not understand their own accounts, what kind of international law is there? In addition, it is broken in the world every now and then. Turkey has now invaded Syria, violating every right, and neither America, nor anybody, except Syria, calls it aggression.

How do you yourself then got used to the feeling of constant fear?

I had no fear right up to the denouement. And in 1973 and the beginning of 1974, they directly threatened Alexander Isaevich and his family. It became scary for the children. There was a serious persecution. We even kept notes with direct threats, lowered into the mailbox.

Who wrote this?

KGB, of course.

That is, not neighbors?

Well, what are you neighbors? At this time, there were already normal people around who were rather worried about us. Someone was not afraid and supported, but someone, of course, was afraid, but found a way to express sympathy. And there were such - at least in Moscow - the majority. But you asked: was it scary? You see, we were ready - and he and I - for the worst turn of events. If you are not ready, you cannot step on the ford. It was clear that everything could end very badly. At this moment you decide: either to continue or to retreat. Retreat is always a death number. If such a powerful enemy feels weak, he douge you. And dozhuet very quickly. So, there was only one path: go to the end. At the same time, the “end”, as you understand, is not we who define it. Our contribution is hardness and readiness for the end. And when they feel this readiness to go to the end, our position becomes very strong.

Of course, then we did not build any theories. The end result was largely a matter of personal qualities and self-control. If you have a “hare heart”, the only way out is to seal your heart with your mind and go forward. If you succeed in this, then you are even a bigger hero than the one who doesn’t have a “hare heart” who is not so afraid from the very beginning.

Both of us, probably, had no “hare heart”. But I understood that he could be killed. That everything can end in tragedy.

Didn’t they ever waver in your voice to ask him to stand still, lie low? Four young children - the argument.

What does it mean to lay low? Do not write? But everything has already been written: both the “Archipelago” and “In the first circle”. Yes, it is written in secret, but even before the “Archipelago” they considered him an enemy. And the “Archipelago” is just a head to the block.

And what does "don't write" mean? This is simply ridiculous, because he could not help but write; he was obviously born for this. This is the first. Secondly, it would not change anything. Thirdly, our alliance from the very beginning was built precisely on the fact that we equally understood the task: not to save ourselves, but to preserve what was written. To convey to people. And he wrote. And I arranged all this storage so that his head was free.

The novel “In the First Circle”, fragment, author typewriting A.I. Solzhenitsyn. Ryazan, 1962, from the archive A.I. Solzhenitsyn
Photo: Tsaritsyno Museum-Reserve

Did you fall in love with him immediately like a woman, without looking back? Or was it first an understanding that this is a great writer?

As a writer, of course, I fell in love with him exactly the same way as many who read in the November issue of Novy Mir for 1962 the year One Day of Ivan Denisovich. It was immediately clear to me that this is a huge writer. But we were not familiar. Although surprisingly, with the difference in 20 years, we had quite similar childhood circumstances: quite severe, tempering and shaping everyone. But at the time of our acquaintance I knew very little about the real camps. Of course, I knew that they were, but, like almost everyone, I did not know how the prisoners actually lived. Here is the internal life of the camp was unknown. Despite the fact that my grandmother and I had been sending parcels to my arrested grandfather for many years, and he was no longer in the world.

In the years of rehabilitation, it seems, it turns out that he died from a heart attack?

Yes. Being athletic health, he died at the camp in 1943 year. And sat with 1938 th. Then he wrote - from a heart attack. Maybe more from something. It is important that he was no longer there, but no one informed us about it. And we collected packages for him, but for some reason they were sent not from Moscow - apparently, the grandmother was afraid; traveled by train for a hundred kilometers. It was hard, hungry (three women: grandmother - disabled, mother and I), collected non-perishable products, sewed a box in sackcloth, wrote an address with an ink pencil and went to send to grandfather. And he was gone. But not a single parcel returned.

Grandfather's arrest rolled into the life of the family with a black ball lightning, but how badly his camp life went after, we had a bad idea. Alexander Isaevich was exactly the person who described such a life. And then I read everything Solzhenitsyn, that appeared in the “New World” and in samizdat, - and “In the first circle”, and “The Cancer Corps” and, of course, was in love with him as a writer. But this is the wrong word: "in love." I understood that he is a colossal phenomenon of literature and our life. And Natalya Stolyarova, our close friend, introduced us.

How did it happen?

Alexander Isaevich lived in Ryazan, but came to Moscow, he needed historical books and materials for work, and it was necessary to keep what was written, to keep manuscripts and working sketches, which became more and more. We needed friends who would unload it and somehow help with these concerns. I was one of those whom Natalia Ivanovna found to help him. And everything happened swiftly: I was harnessed to work, he gave me just to reprint "In the first circle." I found inaccuracies there in the history of the party, which struck him very much (and I found them because during my school years I read with great interest the transcripts of congresses left from my grandfather). And began a very intense work and powerful cooperation, which soon turned into a turbulent romance.

Did you realize that this is the same love - for life?

I don’t think I was saying this to myself. But, of course, it was exactly the love from which children are born. And that does not end in children.

You have eight grandchildren of four sons. Do you often talk about grandpa with them? What?

Five of them remember Alexander Isaevich, they found him. There is no special need to specifically talk about the grandfather, but the whole atmosphere of our life is saturated with it.

Are you a good grandma?

The bad. That is, I am a good grandmother in the sense that when I find time for them, the benefits of this are considerable: in a few years we put together Romeo and Juliet, Twelfth Night, Cyrano de Bergerac, Rostan. but not yet brought to the submission. I myself shorten the plays based on the size of the “troupe”, we learn the roles, put on a play. But I am a “working grandmother” and I deal with my grandchildren only when I manage to be together. And Alexander Isaevich was a good father: he worked with his sons every day. Every day one hour was “school time”: he taught his sons algebra, geometry and trigonometry, physics and astronomy.

Screamed?

Not. There was no need. They were children for whom — at least he did not need to raise his voice. I screamed and got angry. But I touched the other side of life. In addition, I am convinced that parental anger has a great educational value. Only it is important not to make it trivial, because at this moment small children think that everything is over - they have lost their parental love forever. And this is a huge tragedy and shake. And at this moment much can be turned and corrected in their understanding and behavior. But, of course, if this happens often, then it is no longer a tool.

All our boys learned to read early and generally learned to occupy themselves early: I didn’t have time, I worked a lot, and there were no televisions or other “keepers”. But there were filmstrips that we watched together every evening. And each of them fought to ensure that it was he who was assigned to read the signatures. Stepa [1973 year of birth] was always sad because he was the youngest and understood that when he grows up to what he is supposed to read, the older one will no longer be interested. But it turned out wrong: we were still watching filmstrips with our family, when the signatures were already fluently read by Stepa.

How many boys were you sent from the USSR?

Stepan was six months old, Ignat is one and a half years old, the eldest of them is “licked”, Yermolai, three years and two months. My eldest son Mitya was ten.

Each of the "lazy" obviously successful in their field. And these are completely different areas of human activity: urban studies, management, music. How did you raise the children, how did you direct them?

We never directed them with sermons and homologues. This was not even in thought. But they never saw me or Alexander Isayevich in idleness. We have always worked. Of course, without any words it was understood that idleness is an inappropriate state, that a person must constantly do something for others. To live only for yourself is immoral. When the boys grew up, I told them half a joke: “It’s not scary if the wife is ugly or even stupid (of course, it’s better that she’s beautiful and smart). It’s scary if she’s lazy and angry. ” But seriously, the most important task in exile was to preserve the Russian language. They were babies when they expelled us, and around them was first the ocean of German, and then the ocean of English. We coped with this task. Not only our children, but all grandchildren speak, read and write in Russian.

After the death of Solzhenitsyn in the public consciousness, you seemed to be responsible both for yourself and for him. Often your statements are interpreted in the spirit of "Solzhenitsyn would say that way."

I strongly disagree and never answer the question “What would Alexander Isaevich say?”.

But your answers are so interpreted.

This is already on the conscience of the interpreters. In addition, this is objectively wrong: we have so much argued with him in life, often did not agree. That is, as he writes, “the desire to fight with us has always met” - this is true. In the cardinal, strategic things we agreed. For example, he asked: “So what are we going to do now?”. I say: “Do not get involved in a fight. We wait!". Or vice versa: "We must engage in battle immediately." But we used to disagree on tactical things. He was an outstanding strategist, but not so gifted a tactician.

However, my knowledge of Alexander Isaevich does not allow me to answer questions for him or think out, fantasize on the topic “what would he say.” Although, of course, some things I know for sure.

For example?

I know for sure that if I saw tires burning on Maidan in Kiev in 2014, he would have died. If he had survived, he would have died that night. His grandfather Zakhar on the maternal line is Ukrainian. Favorite grandfather, who died in the GPU in 1932 year, the only, in general, a man in his life (his father was not, there was no other grandfather either). For grandfather Zahara Sanya - adorable grandson. And Solzhenitsyn preserved the memory of him and of everything that his grandfather said. Alexander Isaevich loved the Ukrainian language, Ukraine. But I never considered the Ukrainians a fully formed, separate people, primarily because the sign of the people is a developed culture. Ukrainians have amazing songs, amazing things, amazing se, their way of life. But they have yet to create a developed verbal culture, literature. Because, apart from Lesia Ukrainka and Taras Shevchenko, nothing has been created yet.

What about Russia? The choice is getting smaller. Putin, for example, has been in power for almost twenty years. And it seems that there is no end to this. How can this be changed?

Calm, without conflict, the change of power is objectively the most difficult task of any young democracy. Yes, and in a mature democracy it is not smooth - see how the inner life in the USA convulses for a whole year, because the elite candidate lost the election. But still, elections are the main instrument for the change of power. For example, I always go to the polls. Even if the result is clear. In the pre-election process, you can at least get acquainted with alternative ideas, if the applicants have them. It is a shame that now we do not have real programs that would be published by the parties and their candidates. There is nothing to discuss!

Programs are published.

Yes, towards the elections. And no one reads them. And here I am - reading. And this, for the most part, is the program “for all the good,” for an excellent result, but not offering concrete ways to put them into practice. Sadly

But there are still local elections, which are now even more important. And on the ground very much for whom to vote. The last Moscow elections also showed this: there are several constituencies where people were chosen who really would work and not stand for a tick. And at the local level, there is already a large line of candidates from which decent people can be chosen. So you do not be lazy, read in advance who he is, where, what he is going to do, go to meet him, ask him. This we can and should, it is in our competence. We can influence the local authorities, the organization of daily life where we live. Alas, this is not what most people do. And this is also a corruption since the times of the Soviet power: everyone is used to the fact that nothing depends on them, so it means that you don’t need to do anything. Let them decide for us. And in vain.

You are talking about citizens. And what should change at the state level?

I do not know what is needed and what should be done at the state level. This is not my mind. But I know firmly that the direct and necessary task facing everyone who wants a better future for their country is to educate children well. Your children. To educate free people from them, because the state always tries, first of all, to bring up obedient citizens who do not cause trouble. But without free people there will never be a normal parliament in a country, nor a free country in general. It means that children should be taught to be as free as possible even in the conditions of any non-freedom. And with honor, with conscience, with dignity, try to spread this skill around you. This is simply the imperative task of each of us. The task is difficult, requiring the strain of a lifetime. Not that I have been teaching two years, five, and then I will return to school, and after ten give me, please, a citizen. Not. That won't work. And especially now, when the school is also full of convulsions of various kinds, and in public life controlled by the state, there is still a lot of persistent manners of public and personal behavior from the terrible years of our past. In short, this task is very difficult, very personal, very understandable to everyone. But not everyone understands how to perform it. Many want to immediately participate in the restructuring of the state and few people in the restructuring of the consciousness of people who live in the state. But this restructuring is just what we need most. And this will take the most time and it will take: to grow up free and reasonable citizens.

Believe me, this is much more important than any political task. And, unlike her, is doable. This is the possible personal contribution that everyone is able to make to the reorganization of society, and thus of the state. Many are deceiving themselves, trying not to touch reality, to escape into private life, to philistine entertainments or to intellectual games. But the daily problems that concern your compatriots, those who live nearby, cannot help you at all. They say that someone is responsible for everything, and I will only make a complaint or turn away in disgust. Self-management, which is so necessary for our country, begins with personal involvement. In the fact that such self-government is necessary - and even more than anything else - I have no doubt. It must be built gradually. Such a huge country like Russia, it is impossible to manage exclusively centrally from the Kremlin.

In my opinion, you are the very person who can personally talk about this and many other things with the President of Russia.

This is pure nonsense.

It seemed to me that you have the opportunity to meet non-publicly. And, more importantly, Putin listens to you.

I have no such opportunity. Vladimir Vladimirovich, as far as I can judge, treated Alexander Isaevich with a certain internal attention.

Can we say that Putin listened?

I do not know.

How do you think the authorities should listen to an enlightened minority?

I don’t know what the authority must do, let it think itself. But I absolutely do not share the cleanliness that is characteristic of people who so often repeat: "We will not sit down with this power and we will not agree about anything."

Do you think it is possible to agree?

Need to try. We have a country with a huge number of serious flaws that can and should be corrected. And many of them to fix in addition to power is impossible. But now not a totalitarian regime, thank God.

Globally, nothing has changed.

Let us evaluate the historical moment correctly: yes, we live in a country spoiled by sores. However, in principle, these ulcers are fixable, which is again the difference between the authoritarian and totalitarian regimes: there is a way out of autocracy into democracy (this has been proven many times by the history that was made before our eyes). It is almost impossible to get out of totalitarianism. Glory to perestroika - we escaped. No one else is shot, and much has become softer. Yes, in an authoritarian country and institutions, respectively, authoritarian, and there is no complete freedom of the press: we have it incomplete, curtailed (by the way, not without self-censorship of pragmatic journalists). But no one else hides what he writes in the table. And there is the Internet, in which significant limitations of information are impossible.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn and Mstislav Rostropovich.
Фото: Wikimedia Commons

More and more often, right before our eyes, someone is dying, not having had time to forgive, to be forgiven, not having had time to finish or finish something. Personally, it always hurts me. As, however, the need to live from day to day, realizing my own mortality and the death rate of people dear to me. Are you afraid of death?

Not. I'm not afraid at all. Another thing is that before death you must have time to do what he bequeathed to me and what I promised to finish.

Speech about the complete collected works?

It will not be complete, of course. Full is a distant future. Complete would include all correspondence and much more than what we just started to do. But it normal. For a writer, the time when it is necessary to publish the complete works comes many years after his death. With the departure of Solzhenitsyn passed only ten. And the legacy is huge. Therefore, what is coming out now is, of course, not a complete work. But it is as big as we planned together. These are thirty volumes.

Twenty have already left.

Yes. It means that it is necessary to compile, prepare and publish ten more rather complex volumes that need accurate and careful preparation of the text, and preferably commenting. That's what I'm busy with. This is a job that must be done without fail.

Is it hard for you?

On the contrary. This is the only thing that I love. Of all that I am obliged to do and that by eighty percent consists of what you do not like, but consider it necessary, twenty percent is a favorite thing. And I’m breaking through eighty percent of my commitment to him. And I would very much like to have time.

But there is no fear. I'm not afraid of death. I have associated with her a rather strange alluring feeling that arose when I was a very young student: after death we will know everything. I want to know everything madly: to know ahead what we cannot know in life, to know back — what was long before us, to know what is happening with our relatives. And it also seems to me that after death we will also be loaded, we will also have tasks. Who can get what - we can not know. This is only to be understood. But I am sure that there will be no peace, no nirvana, or any immovable white desert. So every moment we fill both scales with our actions and thoughts, and by the end of mortal life we ​​collected in these cups, one might say, full material, all self-incriminating evidence for the Last Judgment. And if we assume that nothing can be changed any further, that everything bad that you did - envied someone, robbed someone, lied, changed - outweighed the cup of your good deeds, then everything turns out! You have committed a final judgment on yourself, and this is the point! But the Court is something that we do not deliver, but the Judge, and he is merciful. It cannot be that after death we were not allowed to at least somehow correct the yoke, those cups, the court that we had earned ourselves during our lifetime. We will have some possibility of movement, up or down. And some kind of activity.

And I'm not afraid of death. I do not hurry her, but I will not drive. And I wonder. Just to have time to do everything that I promised to Alexander Isaevich.

You really miss him.

Yes.

Soul affinity implies constant dialogue. Death seems to cut him short.

Not certainly in that way. I can sometimes talk to him. Not at all, but on some topics that worried us both. I just hear that he answers me.

What did you call your husband at home?

Sanya.

You never say that in a public speech: in an interview, in memories, always - Alexander Isaevich.

It `s naturally. I rarely even talk about our internal. And even if she told now about something personal, it still does not put on display, does not violate the sacredness of the communication that we actually had.

Read also on ForumDaily:

Yevgeny Yevtushenko - not deserving of objectivity

Four waves of Russian immigration: who are these people

Ignat Solzhenitsyn: how the son of a great writer became a successful American musician

As the Russian named after Dovlatov a crossroads in New York

Do you want more important and interesting news about life in the USA and immigration to America? — support us donate! Also subscribe to our page Facebook. Select the “Priority in display” option and read us first. Also, don't forget to subscribe to our РєР ° РЅР ° Р »РІ Telegram  and Instagram- there is a lot of interesting things there. And join thousands of readers ForumDaily New York — there you will find a lot of interesting and positive information about life in the metropolis.