DNA Zoo: US-based Ukrainian researcher recognized as one of the best innovators in the world - ForumDaily
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DNA Zoo: US-based Ukrainian researcher recognized as one of the best innovators in the world

The genome is the totality of all the hereditary genetic information of an organism. Studying the human genome opens up unprecedented opportunities in the treatment of complex diseases. To do this, it is necessary to establish and study the sequence of all genes; scientists learned how to do this a long time ago, but until now it has been a long and expensive process. This is discussed in the video "Voices of America".

Thanks to the invention of a Ukrainian scientist, genome analysis now takes place in a week. For this study, the reputable journal of the Massachusetts Polytechnic University put Olga Dudchenko on the list of 35 young inventors of the year.

This is the worldwide 35-to-35 MIT Technology Review Innovator Rating, published since 1999. Promising scientists from various fields up to 35 years old fall into it.

Olga works in Texas, where she runs a unique DNA zoo - there are tiny corals, butterflies, opossums and other animals, or rather samples of their DNA. All of them are kept at the DNA Zoo in Houston (Texas).

Olga invented a way to quickly and significantly cheaper ordering the genomes of living organisms. To decrypt a genome, one must collect the decrypted DNA code in the correct order; earlier this task was extremely difficult.

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“It’s like putting together an incredibly complex puzzle, you somehow have to fit a million pieces together based on how they fit together and try to figure out what their original sequence is,” says Olga.

But what was once worth billions of dollars and took several years, now thanks to a combination of Olga’s methods and HighSee technology, you can do it for $ 1000 and in just a week.

“It’s like adding context to the overall task, you know how much it helps to find the corner pieces when you’re putting together a puzzle, it’s something similar,” says Olga.

Every week, Olga’s team arranges one genome at a time and adds them to their website; now the DNA of the zoo has more than 1 inhabitants - lemurs, kangaroos, antelopes, whales, bears and many other animals.

Now scientists are working on reading the genome of spotted hyenas.

“Spotted hyenas are amazing animals and there are so many impressive facts about their species. I don’t know what you know about hyenas, but usually everything that people know about them is related to the cartoon “The Lion King” and it’s terrible, a lot of bad publicity for the poor hyenas,” says Olga.

“Before you see the genome on the website, we conduct experiments,” says Ruqaiya, an employee at the DNA Zoo.

There are 2 more branches of such a zoo in China and Australia.

“The cells I work with were frozen back in the early 1960s, so technically they are older than even my parents, and here I am growing them today. I do all these things behind the scenes and it all seems small. You add one clear liquid to another and although you know there is something there, most of the time you can't see it. And it’s really like a reward when you see the result and know that your efforts are there,” says Ruqaiya.

All ordered genomes on the DNA Zoo website are publicly available, so scientists and biologists from all over the world can use them. Olga Dudchenko believes that thanks to the information received, it will be more reasonable to propagate and treat animals and, in addition, to better understand evolution, as well as ourselves.

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“Just as knowing your family history can help you in the hospital, knowing about evolution is extremely helpful when you're trying to understand your genome,” says Olga.

Olga’s invention has another potential application if some animals die out, their data in the DNA zoo may be the only biological material that remains of them. And on the basis of it, animals can be revived.

The head of the laboratory says that this technology is already being actively developed, so this is a question of 10-15 years.

“Once we get to the point of reliably synthesizing mammalian chromosomes, it’s conceivable that their code will be taken from DNA zoos or other similar digital libraries,” says Eres Lieberman-Aiden.

Olga Dudchenko admits that one day she dreams of seeing a real genetic miracle.

“I’m a big fan of the book Jurassic Park, it’s beautifully written, I believe it. I don’t know what will happen and when, but I believe in it,” says Olga.

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