COVID-19 can cause hallucinations and confusion in children: research - ForumDaily
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COVID-19 may cause hallucinations and confusion in children: study

A new study found that half of the young patients at a London hospital with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19, in addition to physical symptoms, experienced confusion, hallucinations, etc. Writes about it New York Times.

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Reports of the mysterious inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19, which affects some children and adolescents, have mainly focused on physical symptoms: rashes, abdominal pain, red eyes and, most seriously, heart problems: low blood pressure, shock and Difficulty pumping blood.

A new report shows that a significant number of young people with this syndrome develop neurological symptoms, including hallucinations, confusion, speech impairments, balance and coordination problems. A study of 46 children treated at a hospital in London found that just over half (24 children) experienced neurological symptoms they had never had before.

These patients were about twice as likely as patients without neurological symptoms to require ventilators because they were "very unwell with systemic shock as part of their hyperinflammatory state," said study author Dr. Omar Abdel-Mannan, Ph.D. Fellow, Institute of Neuroscience, University College London.

Patients with neurological symptoms are also about twice as likely to need medications to improve their heartbeat, he said.

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A condition called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) usually occurs two to six weeks after contracting COVID-19, often causing only mild or no symptoms. The syndrome is rare but can be very serious. According to the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are 48 cases in 3 states, Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia, including 165 deaths.

The new results support the theory that the syndrome is associated with a spike in inflammation triggered by the immune response to the virus, Dr Abdel-Mannan said. In the children cited in the report, neurological symptoms largely disappeared as the physical symptoms were treated.

Physicians in the United States have recently reported neurological symptoms in children with MIS-C. In a study published in JAMA Neurology, 126 of 616 adolescent patients with the syndrome who were admitted to 61 US hospitals in the past year had neurological problems, including 20 with problems that the researchers called "life-threatening" such as strokes or "Severe encephalopathy".

A new report, presented as a preliminary study at the annual conference of the American Academy of Neurology, assessed children under the age of 18 who were admitted with the syndrome to Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) between April and September last year.

As has been the case with other studies of the syndrome, including in the United States, experts said the majority of those affected were “non-white,” a pattern that public health experts say reflects the disproportionate impact of the pandemic on racialized communities. Almost two-thirds of the patients were boys, with an average age of 10 years.

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All 24 patients with neurological symptoms had headaches, and 14 had encephalopathy (a general term that can include confusion, problems with memory or attention, and other types of altered mental function). Six children experienced hallucinations, including "describing people in the room who weren't there, seeing cartoons or animals moving on the walls," Dr. Abdel-Mennan said. He clarified that they also had auditory hallucinations - they “heard the voices of absent people.”

Six children had weakness or difficulty controlling their speech muscles. Four had problems with balance or coordination. One child had seizures and three had peripheral nerve abnormalities, such as weakness of the facial or shoulder muscles. According to Dr Abdel-Mannan, senior resident in pediatric neurology at GOSH, peripheral nerve damage in one patient left him with foot drop, requiring the use of crutches and a recommendation for a nerve graft.

Some of the patients underwent brain scans, nerve conduction tests, or electroencephalogram (EEG) tests, including 14 patients whose brain electrical activity was slow.

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Thirteen of the 24 people with neurological symptoms were put on ventilators, and 15 required medications to improve their heartbeats, Dr. Abdel-Mannan said. Only three of the 22 children without neurological problems required mechanical ventilation, and seven required such cardiac drugs, he said. None of the children with hallucinations required psychotropic medications.

Dr. Abdel-Mannan explained that three children had to be hospitalized again after their first hospital stay: one due to another episode of encephalopathy and two due to infectious complications, but added that there were no deaths and “almost all children functionally recovered” ...

He assured that the team, led by the study's senior author Dr. Yael Hacohen, will closely monitor patients with the syndrome - both those who had neurological symptoms and those who did not. They will conduct brain scans and cognitive assessments to see if the children experience any long-term cognitive or psychological effects.

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