More than 1 million immigrants per year: who are these people and what awaits them in the US - ForumDaily
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More than 1 million immigrants per year: who are these people and what awaits them in the US

The United States has more immigrants than any other country in the world. More than 44 million people living in America were born in another country and made up about one-fifth of all migrants in the world as of 2017. More than 1 million immigrants arrive every year. Where do these people come from, who are they and what awaits them - and with them the whole country? The research center was sorted out Pew Research.

Фото: Depositphotos

How many people in the US are immigrants?

In 2017, the overseas-born population of the United States reached a record 44,4 million. Since 1965, when the US immigration laws changed the national quota system, the number of immigrants has more than quadrupled. Today, immigrants make up 13,6% of the US population, which is almost three times the proportion (4,7%) in 1970. However, today the proportion of immigrants remains below the record 14,8% in 1890, when 9,2 had a million immigrants living in the USA.

What is the legal status of these people?

Illegal immigrants make up a quarter of the US population born abroad. The majority of immigrants (76%) are in the country legally. In 2016, 45% of immigrants were naturalized US citizens.

In 2016, about 27% of immigrants were permanent residents and 5% were temporary residents. Another 24% of all immigrants were illegal. From 1990 to 2007, the number of illegal immigrants tripled, from 3,5 million to a record high of 12,2 million. The number dropped by 1 million during the Great Recession and has since leveled off. In 2016, there were 10,7 million illegal immigrants in the United States (3,3% of the country's population).

The decline in the number of illegal immigrants is mainly due to the decline in the number of residents of Mexico, which is where the largest group of illegal immigrants in the United States comes from. Between 2007 and 2016, there were 1 million fewer of them. But at the same time, the flow from Central America has increased.

Do all legal immigrants want to become US citizens?

Not all. Those interested can apply after fulfilling certain requirements, including 5-summer residence in the United States. In 2018, around 800 000 immigrants applied for naturalization. In recent years, these applications have increased, but so far the 2007 record of the year (1,4 million applications) has not been broken.

Most immigrants eligible for naturalization apply for citizenship. However, Mexican legal immigrants have the lowest naturalization rate overall. Language and personality barriers, lack of interest and financial problems are the main reasons for the refusal to naturalize Mexican green card holders.

On the subject: Key facts about US immigration policy and Trump's innovations

Where do immigrants come from?

Mexico, China and India remain the top birthplaces for immigrants living in the United States. Mexico leads the way, with 2017 million (11,2%) immigrants coming from there in 25. The next largest groups came from China (6%), India (6%), Philippines (5%) and El Salvador (3%).

In the regions of birth, immigrants from South and East Asia together accounted for 27%, which is close to the proportion of immigrants from Mexico (25%). Less people travel from other regions: Europe / Canada (13%), Caribbean (10%), Central America (8%), South America (7%), Middle East (4%) and sub-Saharan Africa ( 4%).

Фото: Depositphotos

Who is coming to the USA today?

More than 1 million immigrants arrive in the United States each year. Among new arrivals, Asians outnumber Hispanics. In 2017, the top country of origin of new immigrants was India with 126, followed by Mexico (000), China (124) and Cuba (000).

Based on race and ethnicity, more Asian immigrants have come to America than Hispanic immigrants since 2010. Asians are projected to become the largest immigrant group in the United States by 2055, and will make up about 20165% of all immigrants in 38; Hispanics - 31%; white-skinned - 20%; and blacks - 9%.

Is the number of immigrants growing?

The foreign-born population of the United States reached 2015 million in 45; by 2065 it could reach 78 million. Immigrants and their descendants are projected to account for 88% of U.S. population growth through 2065 if current trends continue. In addition to new arrivals, U.S. births will be an important statistical factor. In 2017, the percentage of women giving birth in the country was higher among immigrants (7,5%) than among U.S.-born women (5,8%)—more than 3 million versus 780 children.

On the subject: How many children were born to immigrants, tourists and illegal immigrants in the USA

How many refugees arrived in the country?

More than half of refugees in the United States in 2018 were from Congo and Burma. Since the implementation of the federal Refugee Resettlement Program in 1980, approximately 3 million refugees have been resettled in the United States, more than any other country.

In 2018, 22 refugees came to the United States. The largest group was the Democratic Republic of the Congo, followed by Burma (Myanmar), Ukraine, Bhutan and Eritrea. 491 refugees are Muslim (3495%) and 16 are Christian (16%). Texas, Washington, Ohio and California accepted more than a quarter of all refugees in that year.

Фото: Depositphotos

Where do most American immigrants live?

Roughly half (45%) of the nation's 44,4 million immigrants live in just three states: California (24%), Texas (11%) and New York (10%). In 2017, California had the most, with 10,6 million. Texas and New York each had more than 4,5 million immigrants.

About two-thirds of immigrants lived in the West (34%) and South (33%). About a fifth lived in the Northeast (21%), and 11% lived in the Midwest.

In 2017, the majority of immigrants lived in just 20 major metropolitan areas, with the largest numbers in New York, Los Angeles and Miami. There were 20 million immigrants in these 28,7 major metropolitan areas, or 64,7% of the country's total population. The vast majority of illegal immigrants live in these same regions.

What is the education of immigrants?

Immigrants in the United States as a whole have a lower level of education than the country's population: according to 2017, 27% of newcomers did not finish school, against 9% of Americans. However, immigrants as often as US natives have a bachelor's degree or higher (31% and 32%, respectively).

The level of education varies among immigrant groups in the country, especially among immigrants from different regions of the world. Immigrants from Mexico and Central America are less likely to graduate than Americans (54% and 46%, respectively, do not have a high school diploma, compared to 9% Americans). On the other hand, immigrants from South and East Asia, Europe / Canada, the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa are more likely than residents of the United States to have a bachelor’s degree or degree.

On the subject: How many immigrants from different countries earn in the USA

How many immigrants work in the USA?

America's overall labor force has been growing since 2007, but the number of illegal immigrant workers has been declining. In 2016, about 28 million immigrants were working or seeking work in the United States, representing about 17% of the total civilian labor force. Legal immigrants made up the majority, 20,6 million. Another 7,8 million immigrant workers are undocumented, the first time since 2006 that number was well below 8 million. They alone account for 4,8% of the civilian workforce, down 5,4% from 2007.

Immigrants, regardless of their legal status, work in a variety of jobs and do not make up the majority of workers in any industry in the United States. Legal immigrants are likely to occupy professional, managerial or business and financial positions (38%) or in official positions (21%). On the contrary, illegal, most likely, will work in the service sector (31%) or in construction works (17%).

According to forecasts, immigrants will contribute to the growth of the working population in the United States at least until 2035. As the baby boomer generation retires, it is expected that immigrants and their children will compensate for the reduction in labor force, adding about 18 to a million people.

Фото: Depositphotos

How good do they speak English?

According to data from 2017 onwards, half of immigrants to the US speak English. Among immigrants aged 5 and over half, (52%) either speak English very well (36%) or speak only English at home (16%).

Mexican immigrants have the lowest language proficiency (33%), followed by Central Americans (34%), South Americans (54%) and immigrants from South and East Asia (56%). Immigrants from Europe or Canada (77%), sub-Saharan Africa (73%) and from the Middle East (61%) have the highest level of English proficiency.

The longer immigrants live in the USA, the higher the likelihood that they will learn the language. About 45% of immigrants living in the USA for five years or less know English well. More than half (56%) of those who have lived in the US for 20 or more years speak English very well.

The proportion of immigrants who speak English has declined since 1980, although it has increased slightly in recent years. The decline was driven by fewer immigrants speaking only English at home, from 30% in 1980 to 16% in 2017. Meanwhile, the share of those who speak English "very well" increased slightly, from 27% to 36% over the same time period.

Among immigrants aged 5 years and older, Spanish is the most spoken language. About 43% of immigrants speak Spanish at home. The top five languages ​​spoken by immigrants other than Spanish are exclusively English (17%), Chinese (6%), Hindi (5%), Filipino/Tagalog (4%) and French (3%).

On the subject: Immigrants are afraid to use social benefits in the US, for fear of losing the green card

How many immigrants have been deported lately?

In the 2017 year, 295 000 immigrants were forced to leave the country, which is lower than the 2016 level of the year. The Obama administration deported about 3 millions of people from 2009 to 2016 a year, which is significantly more than 2 of a million immigrants who were deported by the Bush administration from 2001 to 2008 a year. In 2017, the Trump administration deported 295 to 000 people, which is the lowest since 2006.

The number of deportations in the United States decreased in 2017 year. Immigrants convicted of crimes constituted a minority of deportations in 2017. Of all the deportees, about 41% had a criminal record and 59% were not convicted of a crime. During the period from 2001 to 2017, the majority (60%) of the deported immigrants were not convicted of a crime.

How many arrests occur on the border of the USA and Mexico

The number of apprehensions has fallen sharply over the past decade, from more than 1 million in 2006 to 396 in 579. Today, Mexicans are arrested less frequently at the border than people from other countries. In fiscal year 2018, Central American apprehensions exceeded Mexican apprehensions for the third year in a row.

Фото: Depositphotos

How do Americans treat immigrants and immigration?

Although immigration has become part of the political debate, most Americans have a positive attitude towards immigrants. Six out of ten Americans (62%) say that immigrants strengthen the country "thanks to their hard work and talents," while about a quarter (28%) claim that immigrants burden the country by taking up jobs, housing, and medical care.

However, these views differ sharply depending on political affiliation. Among democrats and independent democrats, 83% believe that immigrants are fortifying the country, and only 11% consider them a burden. Among Republicans and independent Republicans, 38% say that immigrants are fortifying the country, and almost half (49%) say they are burdening America.

Americans are divided on the future of immigration. A quarter said that it is necessary to reduce immigration to the United States (24%), one third (38%) expressed the view that immigration should be maintained at the current level, and almost a third (32%) believes that immigration should be increased.

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