A blood test capable of detecting 50 types of cancer has been tested in America: the results are impressive.

A blood test capable of detecting over 50 types of cancer could speed up diagnosis. Results from trials conducted in North America show that the test was able to detect a wide range of cancers, three-quarters of which are not covered by screening programs, writes Air Force

In the study, more than half of the cancer cases were detected at an early stage, when they are easier to treat and potentially completely curable.

The Galleri test, developed by the American pharmaceutical company Grail, is capable of detecting fragments of cancer DNA that have separated from the tumor and are circulating in the blood. This test is currently being tested in the UK's National Health Service (NHS).

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A study in the US and Canada followed 25,000 adults for a year. One in 100 tested positive. In 62% of these cases, the cancer diagnosis was later confirmed.

Lead researcher Dr. Nima Nabavisade, an associate professor of radiation medicine at Oregon Health & Science University, said the data shows the test could "fundamentally change" the approach to cancer screening.
He explained that this will help identify many of its types “earlier – when the chances of successful treatment or even recovery are highest.”

The test correctly ruled out cancer in over 99% of people who tested negative. When combined with breast, colon, lung, and cervical screening, it increased the overall number of cancer cases detected by sevenfold.

Importantly, three-quarters of the cases detected were of types not covered by screening programmes, such as ovarian, liver, stomach, bladder and pancreatic cancer.

Blood testing correctly identified the source of cancer in nine out of ten cases. These impressive results indicate that blood testing may play a significant role in early diagnosis in the future.

However, scientists not involved in the study note that more evidence is needed to determine whether the test reduces cancer deaths.

Claire Turnbull, Professor of Translational Cancer Genetics at the Institute of Cancer Research, London, said: "Data from randomised trials with mortality as their endpoint are absolutely essential to establish whether early detection of cancer using the Galleri test reduces mortality." (Translational cancer genetics is a field of science that connects fundamental research in tumour genetics with practical medicine. Translational cancer genetics studies which gene mutations lead to the development of tumours and how this knowledge can be applied to the development of new drugs, tests, and personalised therapies for patients. – Note.)

The main results of the study will be presented in the coming days at the congress of the European Society for Medical Oncology in Berlin, but full details have not yet been published.

Much will depend on the outcome of a three-year study involving 140,000 NHS patients in England, due to be published next year.

The NHS has previously said that if the results are positive, testing will be expanded to a further million people.

Sir Harpal Kumar, president of biopharmaceutical company Grail, called the results "very compelling."

"The vast majority of people die from cancer because we detect the disease too late," he emphasized.

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Many cancers are detected when they are "already very advanced," he said, so the goal is to "move to earlier detection, when we can apply treatments that are much more effective and potentially curative."

However, Nasser Turabi of Cancer Research UK warned that further research was needed "to avoid overdiagnosis of cancers that may not otherwise pose a threat".

"The UK National Screening Committee will play a crucial role in assessing the evidence and determining whether this test should be introduced into the healthcare system," he concluded.

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