40% US Nobel Prize Laureates

Immigrants received nearly 40% of the Nobel Prizes that have ever been awarded to Americans in chemistry, medicine, and physics since 2000. In the 2019 year, two immigrants received the Nobel Prize: one in chemistry and one in physics. This is consistent with recent history and shows how immigrants make important non-economic contributions to the United States, according to a new study by the National Fund for American Politics (NFAP).

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Stanley Whittingham, an immigrant born in the United Kingdom and a professor at Binghamton University in New York, received the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, sharing it with John Goodenough, for his seminal work on lithium batteries, which have “revolutionized our lives and are used in everything we do.” from mobile phones to laptops and electric vehicles,” writes Forbes. Gudenaf was born in Germany, but he is not an immigrant, since his father, a well-known theologian, was born in the USA.

“In the early 1970s, Stanley Whittingham developed the first functional lithium battery... John Goodenough doubled its potential, creating the necessary conditions for a much more powerful and useful battery,” says the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

James Peebles, a Canadian-born professor at Princeton University, received the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics of the Year for research that created "the foundation of our modern understanding of the universe." The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said: "James Peebles was able to interpret the traces of [ancient radiation] in the very early stages of the development of the universe and discover new physical processes."

Two of the three Nobel Prize winners in economics for the 2019 year, announced on October 14 of the 2019 year, are immigrants, professors at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This is Abhijit Banerjee, born in India, and Esther Duflo, born in France. Both came to the USA as foreign students. Banerjee, Duflo and American Michael Kremer were honored for "their experimental approach to the fight against global poverty." Immigrants were awarded 19 of 66, or 29% of the Nobel Prizes received by Americans in economics, according to an NFAP study.

On the subject: Journey into the past of the universe: what is the merit of the Nobel Prize winners in physics and chemistry

Studies by the National Endowment for American Politics show the important scientific contribution of immigrants to America over the 20 century and over the past two decades:

• “Between 1901 and 2019, immigrants were awarded 35%, or 105 of 302, the Nobel Prizes received by Americans in the fields of chemistry, medicine and physics.
• "These numbers can be considered underestimated because they do not include Nobel Prize winners who immigrated to America after receiving the Nobel Prize, such as Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi and Niels Bohr." Donna Strickland, who shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics with immigrant Gerard Moore, was not included as a recipient in the United States, but she was a foreign student at the University of Rochester when she conducted her revolutionary research.
• “One can see the growing influence and importance of immigrants to science in America over the last half century. Between 1901 and 1959, immigrants received 21 Nobel Prizes in chemistry, medicine and physics, but between 1960 and 2019, 84 prizes in these fields were awarded—four times as many.
• “In the period from 1901 to 1959, only one immigrant to the United States (William Francis Joach) received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and during the period from 1960 to 2019, the year 27 immigrants received a Nobel Prize in this category.
• “In the period from 1901 to 1959, 9 immigrants to the USA received the Nobel Prize in medicine, 29 immigrants were awarded the Nobel Prize in this area from 1960 to 2019.
• “In the Physics category, 11 immigrants received the Nobel Prize from 1901 to 1959 and 28 immigrants received the award from 1960 to 2019. The number of immigrants who received the Nobel Prize before the 1960 year in the USA would have been lower if it weren’t for many Jewish scholars who had overcome significant restrictions against immigration in the 1930 years and fled to the United States to avoid European fascism. ”

The study helps illustrate why immigration law is important. The 1965 Immigration and Citizenship Act of the year abolished quotas of "national origin" that prevented people from Asia and other countries from immigrating to the United States. Over the years, the 1990 Immigration Act of the year increased the number of immigrants who travel to America annually, including through work-based immigrant visas. This has increased the number of international students interested in studying at US universities, and has prompted many of them to pursue careers in the United States.

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Since 2017, the Trump administration’s policy has been aimed at restricting the entry of immigrants and foreign nationals, including scientists and engineers.

“The denial rate of H-1B petitions has increased significantly, increasing from 6% in FY 2015 to 32% in the first quarter of FY 2019,” according to an analysis from the National Foundation for American Policy.

In response to immigration restrictions in the United States, according to research and news reports, other countries are attracting more and more foreign students, scientists and engineers of foreign origin. Immigrants will continue to win Nobel Prizes in scientific fields. However, they can no longer win from America.

As the WikipediaThe US leads by a significant margin among the countries with the most Nobel laureates, with 380. The UK is next on the list, with 133 Nobel laureates.

Five leaders:

• USA - 380
• UK - 133
• Germany - 108
• France - 69
• Sweden - 32

In the USSR/Russia there are 31 Nobel laureates, in Israel - 12, in Ukraine - 6, in Belarus - 2. Among the countries of the post-Soviet space, there are also Nobel Prize laureates in Latvia - 1 and in Lithuania - 3.

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